10th Class

Light and Human Eye   Light is an electromagnetic wave which do not require a material medium for their propagation. Light is composed of particles which travel in a straight line at very high speed. Light has a dual nature i.e. waves and particles. Speed of light is different in different mediums. Speed of light in vacuum is \[3\times {{10}^{8}}\text{ }m/s\].   Reflection of Light                             The process of sending back the light rays which fall on the surface of an object, is called reflection of light.   Rules for obtaining images formed by concave mirrors  

• A ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis of a more...

Electricity & Magnetic Effects of Electric Current   Electricity is the identity of modernity. It has really redefined the way of our life. Thus it has an important place in modern society. It is used almost at every place to facilitate modern activities.   Electric Current Electric current is the rate at which charge passes by a point in the circuit. The magnitude of electric current in a conductor is the amount of electric charge passing through a point of the conductor in one second. The SI unit of current is ampere. A current of 1 ampere means that there is 1 coulomb of charge passing through a cross section of a wire in 1 second.   Electric Circuit Electric circuit is an incessant conducting path that consists of wires, electric bulb and switch between the two terminals of a more...

Sources of Energy and Natural Resources   Energy is the capacity to do work. Without energy we cannot perform any activities. In our day to day life, we use energy from various sources for doing work.   There are mainly two categories of sources of energy: (1) Non-Renewable sources of energy (2) Renewable source of energy   Non-renewable Sources of Energy Are those sources of energy which cannot be quickly replaced when exhausted For example, fossil fuels, petroleum, etc.   Fossil Fuel It consists of mainly coal, petroleum and natural gas. It is a non- renewable source of energy It takes millions of years for the formation of fossil fuels. It is formed deep under the earth from the remains of plants and animals. That's why fossil fuel should be wisely and carefully used. Fossil fuels have some disadvantages as well. It causes pollution more...

Our Environment   The environment is the physical surrounding around us that includes biotic and abiotic components such as plants, animals, human beings, microorganisms, water, soil, air, etc. These all are interdependent and cannot survive without each other. Human being is the only organism who can cause imbalance in natural environment because of their greed. A balanced environment is necessary for the proper growth of all forms of life.   Ecosystem and Its Components An ecosystem consists of all the biotic factors such as plants, animals and microorganisms and abiotic factors such as soil, air and water, etc. In an area, these all factors function together. The following are the examples of ecosystems:  

• Pond
• Forest

• Estuary
• Grassland

  Ecosystem can be studied through the study of certain processes that link the more...

In this chapter, we will solve problems related to reasoning and aptitudes as we know that Reasoning and logic skills are an integral part of Mathematics.   Find the Missing Number In such types of problems, we have to choose a missing Number (or character) in the figure out of given options.   Example: Find the missing number in the following figure.                          (a) 1728                       (b) 1331 (c) 729                         (d) 512 (e) None of these   Answer (b) Explanation: Here the pattern is ________ \[{{(18+10+8)}^{{}^{3}/{}_{2}}}=216\], \[{{(15+12+22)}^{{}^{3}/{}_{2}}}=343\], \[{{(57+43+21)}^{{}^{3}/{}_{2}}}=1331\]   Direction Sense Problems In such types of problems, we draw a diagram by using the given information. The following diagram shows all the Direction in a proper manner. Example: If more...

  The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China   IMPORTANT DATES AND LANDMARKS   1802                -                   Foundation of Nguyen dynasty under Nguyen Anh.   1858                -                   French troops land in Vietnam.   1867                -                   Cochin China (South) becomes a French colony.   1868                -                   Scholars revolt against the spread of Christianity by French.   1887                -                   Creation of Indo-China Union including Laos, Cambodia, Cochin China, Annam, Tonkin.   1902-03           -                Plague epidemic.   1907                -                   Tonkin Free School was started to provide western education.   1930                -                   Communist Party was formed under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh.   1940                -                   Japan occupies Vietnam.   1941                -                   Ho Chin more...

  The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China   CONTENT OUTLINE   The region in South East Asia comprising Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam was known as Indo-China. Indo-China, like any other countries of Asia, was the Victim of colonisation.             Countries of Indo-China, specially Vietnam, had close relations with China and were influenced by Chinese culture. Later in 19th century Vietnam was colonised by the French who extended military and economic control over Vietnam.             France began to interfere in the day to day life of Vietnam, forced French educational system on Vietnamese people and exploited the resources of Vietnam. Vietnamese people were subjected to the interests of France. Naturally there was resistance of the Vietnamese to the cultural invasion by the French, which also strengthened Vietnamese resistance against imperialist more...

  The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China     IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  

Indo-China. The region in South East Asia comprising three countries—Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.

 

Maritime Silk Route. Sea route for trading silk. It also brought people new ideas.

 

Forced Labour. Begar! Compelling people to work without remuneration.

 

Colony. Conquered territory of an imperial country which is completely subjected to the interests of the another country—suffers complete political and economic domination.

 

Indentured Labour. Contractual labourers of plantation without any specified rights.

 

Civilising Mission. Mission or aim of civilising the colonial people by introducing modem education and ideas in the colonies. On the pretext of civilising, the imperial powers extended their control over colonies.

 

Natives. Natural more...

  The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China     CHAPTER COVERAGE

• Emergence from the Shadow of China            
• French Colonial Domination and Resistance
• The Dilemma of Colonial Education
• Hygiene, Disease and Everyday Resistance
• Religion and Anticolonialism
• The Communist Movement and Vietnamese Nationalism
• The Vision of Modernisation
• US Intervention
• The End of the War
• Role of Women

                           Nationalism in India      CONTENET OUTLINE               In India, the growth of modem nationalism is intimately connected with anti-colonial movement. The sense of being oppressed under colonial rule provided a shared bond and united people of different groups together. The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi forged these groups together within one movement.             Indian nationalism which made its beginning in the later half of 19th century was strengthened in the first decade of 20th century and grew into the national movement with the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements.   The First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement               The First World War which was fought between the allied powers more...