10th Class

  Trigonometric Ratio     Trigonometric Ratio  
  • (i) \[\sin \theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{Perpendicular}{Hypotenuse}\,\,=\,\,\frac{y}{r}\]
  • (ii)  \[\cos \theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{Base}{Hypotenuse}\,\,=\,\,\frac{x}{r}\]             (iii) \[\tan \,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{Perpendicular}{Base}\,\,=\,\,\frac{y}{x}\]              (iv) \[\cos ec\,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{Hypotenuse}{Perpendicular}\,\,=\,\,\frac{r}{y}\]             (v) \[sec\,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{Hypotenuse}{Base}\,\,\,=\,\,\frac{r}{x}\]                  (vi) \[\cot \,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{Base}{Perpendicular}\,\,\,=\,\,\frac{x}{y}\]            
  • (i) \[\cos ec\,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{1}{\sin \,\theta }\,\,\]                             
  • (ii)  \[sec\,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{1}{\cos \,\theta }\,\,\]             (iii) \[\cot \,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{1}{\tan \,\theta }\,\,\]                                (iv) \[\tan \,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{\sin \,\theta }{\cos \,\theta }\,\,\]             (v) \[\cot \,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,\frac{\cos \,\theta }{\sin \,\theta }\,\,\]  
  • (i) \[{{\sin }^{2}}+\theta +{{\cos }^{2}}\theta \,\,=\,\,1\,\]
  • (ii) \[1\,\,+\,\,{{\tan }^{2}}\,\,\theta \,\,=\,\,{{\sec }^{2}}\,\,\theta \,\,for\,\,0{}^\circ \,\,\le \,\,\theta \,\,<\,\,90{}^\circ \]             (iii) \[1+{{\cot }^{2}}\theta =\cos e{{c}^{2}}\theta \,\,for\,\,0{}^\circ <\theta \le 90{}^\circ \]  
  • (i) \[sin\,\,\left( 90{}^\circ -\theta \right)=\,\,\cos \,\,\theta \]                      
  • (ii) \[\cos (90{}^\circ -\theta )\,\,=\,\,sin\theta more...

      Heights and Distances   Heights and Distances  
  • Line of Sight: The line of sight is the line drawn from the eye of an observer to the point in the object viewed by the observer.
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  • Angle of Elevation: The angle of elevation of an object viewed, is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is above the horizontal level.
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  • Angle of Depression: The angle of depression of an object viewed, is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is below the horizontal level.
  •   Snap Test      
  • more...

  •   Coordinate Geometry   Coordinate Geometry  
  • Abscissa: The distance of a point from the y-axis is called the x-coordinate or abscissa of that point.
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  • Ordinate: The distance of a point from the x-axis is called the y-coordinate or ordinate of that point.
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  • Collinear Points: Three or more points are said to be collinear if they lie on the same straight line.
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  • Centroid of a triangle: The point of intersection of all the medians of a triangle is called its centroid.
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  • Distance Formula: The distance between two points \[P({{x}_{1}}\,,\,\,{{y}_{1}})\,\,and\,\,Q({{x}_{2}},\,\,{{y}_{2}})\] is given by
  •             \[PQ\,=\,\sqrt{{{({{x}_{2}}-{{x}_{1}})}^{2}}\,+{{({{y}_{2}}-{{y}_{1}})}^{2}}}\]                           more...

      Triangles     Triangles  
  • Congruent Figures: Two figures which are alike in all respects i.e., which have the same shape and size are known as congruent figures.
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  • Similar Figures: Two figures having the same shape but not necessarily the same size are known as similar figures.
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  • All the congruent figures are similar but converse is not true.
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  • Equiangular Triangles: Two triangles are said to be equiangular if their corresponding angles are equal.
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  • Similar Triangles: Two triangles are said to be similar if their corresponding angles are equal and their             corresponding sides are proportional.
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  • Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (i) their corresponding angles are equal and (ii) their corresponding sides are in the more...

  •   Circle   Circle  
  • Secant: A line which intersects a circle in two distinct points.
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  • Tangent: A line intersecting a circle only in one point is called a tangent to the circle at that point.
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  • The tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contract.
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  • The point at which the tangent meets the circle is called the point of contact.
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  • Length of Tangent: The length of the segment of the tangent from the given point P on the tangent to the point of         contact with the circle is called the length of the tangent from the point P to the circle.
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  • The lengths of the two tangents from an external point to a circle are equal.
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      Areas Related to Circles   Areas Related to Circles  
  • Circle: A circle is the locus of a point which moves in such a way that its distance from a fixed point always remains the same.
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  • Chord: A line segment joining any two points on a circle is called a chord of the circle.
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  • Arc: A continuous piece of a circle is called an arc of the circle. An arc AB is denoted by \[\overset\frown{AB}\].
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  • Segment: A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and a chord, including the arc and the chord.
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  • Sector of a circle: The region enclosed by an arc of a circle and its two bounding radii is called a sector of the             more...

  •   Volume and Surface Area of Solids            
    S. no. SOLID Lateral/ Curved Surface area more...
      Statistics    
  • Mean of grouped data: It is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total number of observations.
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  • The mean for grouped data can be found by
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      Probability   Probability  
  • Probability: Probability is the quantitative measure of the degree of certainty of the occurrence of an event.
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  • The probability of a sure event is 1
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  • The probability of an impossible event is 0.
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  • The probability of an event E is a number P (e) such that \[0\le P(E)\,\,\,\le \,\,1\]
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  • A random experiment: An operation which produces some well-defined outcome such that all possible outcomes are known but the exact outcome is unpredictable is called a random experiment.
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  • Event: The collection of all or some of the possible outcomes of a random experiment is called an event.
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  • Probability of occurrence of an event: The probability of occurrence of a event more...

  •   Chemical Reactions and Acids, Bases and Salts   Chemical Reactions Its a process in which one or more substances/ the reactants are converted to one or more different substances, the products. During a chemical reaction, rearrangement of reacting substances takes place to form new substances, which have different properties than the original one. In a chemical reaction, substances are divided into reactants and products. Reactants are the substances that take part in a chemical reaction whereas products are the substances that are formed as a result of chemical reaction.   Endothermic and Exothermic Processes In all the chemical reactions, transformation or change in energy is involved. On the basis of change in energy all the reactions are divided into two parts that are endothermic and exothermic reactions. The reaction in which heat is absorbed is called endothermic reaction. The reaction in which energy is given more...


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    i. The direct method \[\overline{x}\,\,=\,\,\frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{x}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}}\]
    ii. The assumed mean method =\[\overline{x}\,\,=a\,\,+\,\,\frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{d}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}}\]