10th Class

  Money and Credit     IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Money is the most basic and significant invention of mankind. Money occupies a unique position in a modem economy. In its absence the whole prosperous economic life would collapse like a pack of cards.
    Definition. Money may be defined as anything which is generally accepted by the people in exchange of goods and services or in repayment of debts. According to Crowther, "Money can be defined as anything that is generally accepted as a means of exchange and at the same time acts as a measure and as a store of value."
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  • Barter Exchange/Barter System. It implies direct exchange of goods against goods without more...

  •   Money and Credit           CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • Barter Exchange System 
     
    • Modern Form of Money
     
    • Functions of Money
     
    • Loan Activities of Banks
     
    • Terms of Credit
     
    • Formal Sector Credit in India
     
    • Inform Sector Credit in India
     
    • Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
     
    • Functions of Central Bank and Commercial Bank
      more...

      Globalisation and The Indian Economy     IMPORTANT TERMS  AND CONCEPTS  
  • New Economic Policy. It refers to all those different economic reforms introduced since July 1991 or policy measures and changes which aim at increasing productivity and efficiency by creating an environment of competition in the economy.
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  • Liberalisation. The process by which government controls over the industry are being loosened.
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  • Globalisation. It means integrating the economy of a country with the economies of other countries under condition of free flow of trade and capital, and movement of persons across borders. In simple words, it means integrating our economy with the world economy.
    IMF defines globalisation as "the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide though more...
      Globalisation and The Indian Economy       CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • Globalisation
     
    • Liberalisation
     
    • Privatisation
     
    • Interlinking Production Across Countries
     
    • Foreign Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Integration of Markets
     
    • Factors that have enabled Globalisation
     
    • World Trade Organisation
     
    • Impact of Globalisation in India
     
    • The Struggle for a Fair Globalisation
     
    • Economic Reforms 1991
     
    • Multinational Corporations
         

      Consumer Rights    
  • Common ways by which consumers are exploited :
    (a) Underweight and Undermeasurements
    (b) Substandard quality
    (c) High Prices
    (d) Duplicate articles
    (e) Adulteration and impurity
    (f) Lack of safety devices
    (g) Artificial scarcity
    (h) False or incomplete information
    (i) Unsatisfactory aftersale service
    (j) Fough behaviour.
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  • Factors causing exploitation of consumers :
    (a) Limited information
    (b) Limited supplies
    (c) Limited competition
    Low literacy
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  • Rights of consumers: more...
      Consumer Rights     CHAPTER COVERAGE  
    • Consumer Exploitation
     
    • Consumer Awareness
     
    • Consumer Movements
     
    • Consumer Rights and Duties
     
    • Various Measures under Consumer Protection Act, 1986
     
    • Price Rise
     
    • Public Distribution System
     

      Political Parties   IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS  
  • Political Parties: A "political party" is a political association or a voluntary group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes.
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  • Election Commission: It is an independent multi-member body which is constituted for the superintendence, direction and conduct of elections.
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  • Partisan: A person who is strongly committed to a party, group or faction. Partisanship is marked by a tendency to take a side and inability to take a balanced view on an issue.
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  • One-Party/Mono Party: "Mono-party system" means a system in which only one party operates in the political system for various reasons. In this system there is no opposition, e.g., China.
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      Political Parties        

      OUTCOME OF DEMOCRACY   Important Terms And Concepts  
  • Outcome: Results, consequences or output.
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  • Characteristics of Democracy: Promotes equality, Enhances the dignity of the individual, improves the quality of decision making, provides methods to resolve conflicts, accommodates correct mistakes.
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  • Alternative Forms of Government than Democracy: Monarchy, military rule, by religious leaders.
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  • Elements/Constituents of Democracy: Formal constitution, elections, political parties, constitutional rights.
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  • Monarchy: The government ruled by the monarch or king of the country i.e., monarch or king is the head of the country who is hereditary.
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  • Dignity: The word denotes privileged position, honorable rank or importance given to any particular post or personality.
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  • Outcome of Democracy: Political equality and political justice, social equality and social justice, economic equality more...

  •   OUTCOME OF DEMOCRACY         CHAPTER COVERAGE         
    • Qualities of Democracy
    • Basic Elements of Democracy
    • Comparative Analysis between Democracy and its Alternative
       


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