Data
The information which is collected in the form of numerals called data. The population of Hong - Kong is 7008300, here 7008300 is a numeral which contains information about the population of Hong-Kong. So it is a data.
Raw Data
The initial data that the observer collects himself is called raw data. Like Jennifer asks to her class mates about their age one by one and note them which is as 8, 7, 6, 5, 7, 9, 8, 8, 8, 7, 9, 8, 10. It is the initial data which has been collected by the observer (Jennifer) herself. So it is a raw data.
Grouped Data
To extract the information contained by the data easily, the data is arranged in ascending or descending
more...
Introduction
Comprehension means 'Understanding'. Answering question to a given passage depends actually on the following abilities of a student:
(i) How good you are in understanding the meaning of the entire passage.
(ii) How good you are in finding the answers in the passage.
Points to keep in mind while doing Comprehension
Bar Graph
When the data is represented on the graph using bars the graph is known as Bar graph. In the following table, number of employee in different companies has been shown.
Pictograph
When the data is represented on the graph with the help of pictures the graph is known as Pictograph. Let's understand how to make the pictograph. Number of cycles sold by a shop in a week has been shown in the following table:
Introduction
In our day to day life, time to time we come across graphs like while reading books, watching news, etc. The graphs are prepared with the help of data. Data is collected through survey or other means. Then data is arranged in ascending or descending order using table. In this chapter, we will study about graphs, how to make the graphs and how to extract information contained by the graphs.
Perimeter
As you know all the geometrical shapes like triangles, quadrilaterals, etc. occupy some area. Perimetre is referred as the length of the boundary line which subtend the area. In the rectilinear figure the area is bounded by the line segments are called sides. Thus perimetre can be referred as the sum of the length of the total sides.
Dotted line in the above figures shows perimetre.
Perimetre of the Triangles
Triangle is a one of the most simple shape of geometry which is made up of three sides. So to find the perimetre of the triangle we add length of all the three sides of the triangle.
Thus, perimetre of a triangle = Sum of length of all three sides.
Area
Look at the following pictures:
Shaded part in the figures given above represents area. So area is a mathematical term which tell us how much surface a particular object requires to be placed. Thus, we can say that area is the amount of surface which a particular object occupies.
Let us study about the area of some geometrical figures.
Area of a Triangle
Area of a triangle is half of the product of the base and corresponding height. So to find the area of a triangle we multiply the base and corresponding height of the triangle and then divide the product by 2.
Thus Area of a triangle\[=\frac{1}{2}\times \text{Base}\times \text{Height}\]
Area of the triangle \[\text{ABC}=\frac{1}{2}\times
Introduction
In the previous chapter we have studied about the shape and size of some geometrical figures. In this chapter we will study about area and perimeter of some close geometrical figures. Area is referred as the amount of surface occupied by the geometrical shape whereas Perimetre is referred as the length of the boundary line which subtend the area occupied by the geometrical shape. Let us study about them in detail.
Introduction In our day to day life we come across a number of objects. All the objects has a specific shape and size. See the following figures: (a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
We recognize a number of objects by their shapes. Therefore, to know about the objects, being aware about their shape is very important. In this chapter we will study about the shapes of different geometrical figures. 
Point To show a particular location, a dot (.) is placed over it, this dot is known as point. 
In the above figure, point A shows the location of India, point B shows the
Circle
Circle is a close curved line whose all points are at the same distance from a given point in a plane.
Centre of a Circle
The point from which all the points of the curved line are at the same distance is called centre of the circle.
In the given figure, 0 is the centre of the circle.
In the given figure, OA is the radius of the circle. Note: All the radius of
