4th Class

Geometry   Synopsis   Closed plane figures:  
  • The geometrical figures triangle, square, rectangle and circle are all closed plane figures or closed curves. They are bounded by line segments or curved lines.
  • Closed plane figures, bounded by line segments are called polygons.
  • A triangle is a polygon with 3 sides.
  • Square and rectangle are polygons with four sides.
  • All four sided polygons are named as quadrilaterals.
  • Square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus and trapezium are all quadrilaterals.
                 (a)                (b)             (c) more...

                                  Time   Synopsis  
  • 4 Time is measured using a clock.
  • A clock has two hand, a long hand and a short hand. The long hand is called minute hand and the short hand is called hour hand.
  • Some clocks have a third hand called second hand. Generally second hand is the thinnest hand. It moves much faster than the other two hands.
  Some Conversions:  
  • hour \[=\text{6}0\] minutes; 1 minute \[=\text{6}0\] seconds
        \[\therefore \] 1 hour \[=\text{6}0\times \text{6}0=\text{36}00\] seconds; 1 day \[=\text{24}\] hours; 7 days \[=\text{1}\] week;        12 months \[=\text{1}\] year; 10 years \[=\text{1}\] decade; 10 decades\[=\text{1}\] century         \[\therefore \] 100 years = 1 century   Time Notations:  
  • The time 12 o'clock in the midnight is written as more...

Perimeter and Area   Synopsis   Closed Curve:  
  • A curve which begins and ends at the same point is called a closed curve.
  Perimeter:  
  • The length of the boundary or edge of a figure is called its perimeter.
  • Perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of its three sides.
        Perimeter of triangle
  • The perimeter of a square is four times the length of its side.
Perimeter \[=(\text{4}\times \text{S})\] units
  • The perimeter of a rectangle is twice the sum of its length and breadth.
  • Perimeter = 2x (Z + b) units
  • Perimeter is expressed more...

  • Handling Data   Synopsis  
    • A collection of numbers or facts gathered for some specific purpose is called data.
    • Interpreting the collected data gives us information.
    • The data collected is organised and represented in pictorial form such as tables and graphs.
    • A graph is a pictorial representation of data that gives a lot of information clearly.
     
    • Some kinds of graphs:
      (i) Bar graph                (ii) Pictograph   (iii) Pie chart etc.  
    • A pictograph has pictures or symbols to represent information.
    • A pictograph has a title and gives the definition of the symbol.
    • Pictographs enable us to compare information and understand facts better.
    • A bar graph also helps us compare the information and understand it better. It is also called a column graph.
    • Every more...

      Plant Life - I (Adaptations in Plants)     Synopsis  
    Tit Bits
    The bull's horn, acacia tree not only has spines to protect it from grazing animals, but also has swarming ants on it. more...
      Plant Life - II (How Plants Make Food)     Synopsis  
    Tit Bits
    The atmosphere contains more...
      Animal Life - I (Adaptations in Animals)   Synopsis  
    Tit Bits
    Spiders produce silk to make their webs. They trap prey in the web, but do not get caught in their own webs because the more...
      Animal Life-II (Reproduction in Animals)   Synopsis  
    Tit Bits
    The ostrich is the more...
      Food & Digestion, Health & Hygiene   Synopsis  
    Tit Bits
    Milk is a called complete food. It is rich in calcium more...
      Teeth & Microbes   Synopsis   more...

    Archive



    You need to login to perform this action.
    You will be redirected in 3 sec spinner

    Tit Bits
    The enamel is the hard white part on the outside of tooth. It is the hardest substances in the human body.