4th Class

       Product and Raw Material   In this type of question, words are related to each other as an object and the product made from that particular object. For example: 1. Butter: Milk                                     9.   Rubber: Latex 2. Jaggery : Sugarcane                10. Prism : Glass 3. Omelette : Egg                             11. Fabric : yarn 4. Wine : Grapes                               12. Cloth : Fibre 5. Furniture: Wood                          13 Road : Asphalt 6. Shoes : Leather                            14. Book : Paper 7. Pullover: Wool                              15. Sack : Jute 8. Metal: Ore                                       16. Wall : Brick          Analysis

•   Paper: Pulp; Paper is made of pulp.
•   Oil : Seed; Oil is made of seed.
•   Linen :Fibre; Linen is made of Fibre.
•   Jewellery : Gold; Jewellery is made of Gold.      

    more...

     Building and Monuments   In this type of questions words are related to each other in building and monument as belong to a particular place. For example: 1. TajMahal : Agra                                            2.   Red Fort: Delhi 3. QutabMinar: Delhi                                      4.   Santiniketan : Kolkata 5. India Gate : Delhi                                         6.  Gatewayof India : Mumbai 7. Taj Hotel: Mumbai                                      8.  Jama Masjid : Delhi 9. Char Minar: Hyderabad                            10. Agra Fort: Agra 11. GolGhar: Patna                                          12. Eiffel Tower : Paris 13. White House : WASHINGTON DC       14. RashtrapatiBhavan : New Delhi          Analysis

• SanchiStup : Madhya Pradesh; Sanchi Stup is situated in Madhya Pradesh.
• Ashok Pillar: Sarnath; Ashok Pillar is situated in Uttar Pradesh.
• Nalanda University : Bihar; Nalanda University is situated in Bihar.
• Hawa Mahal more...

     Expertise   In this type of questions, words are related to each other in expertise. For example:

•   Carpenter: Saw
•   Woodcutter: Axe
•   Tailor: Needle
•   Labourer: Spade
•   Soldier: Gun
•   Sculptor: Chisel
•   Mason: Plumbline
•   Chef: Knife  

       Analysis

•   Warrior: Sword; Sword is used by warrior.
•   Gardener: Harrow; Harrow is used by gardener.
•   Surgeon : Scalpel; Scalpel is used by Surgeon.
•   Author : Pen; Pen is used by Author for writing      

          Farmer (A) Pen                                                                 (B) Scalpel (C) Harrow                                                          (D) Plough (E) Sword     Answer: (d) Explanation: Plough is used by Farmer.       more...

     Function   In this type of questions, words are related to each other in function. For example: 1. Shield : Guard                               2. Sword : Slaughter 3. Mattock: Dig                                  4. Filter: Purify 5. Steering: Drive                             6. Pen : Write 7. Spanner: Grip                               8. Spoon: Feed 9. Microscope : Magnify                10. Spade : Dig 11. Shovel: Scoop                             12. Chisel : Carve 13. Oar: Row           Analysis

•   Needle : Sewing; A needle is used for sewing.
•   Loudspeaker: Amplifying sound; Loudspeaker is used for amplifying the quality of sound.
•   Gun: Shooting; Gun is used for shooting.
•   Knife: Cutting; A knife is used for cutting.  

          Axe (A) Grind                                                             (B) more...

     Relation   In this type of questions, words are related to each other in relation. For example:

•   Horse: Pony
•   Hen : Chicken
•   Sheep: Lamb
•   Butterfly : Caterpillar
•   Insect: Larva
•   Dog: Pony  

       Analysis  

•   Man : Child; Child is the young one of man.
•   Duck : Duckling; Duckling is the young one of duck.
•   Lion : Cub; Cub is the young one of lion.
•   'Hen : Chicken; Chicken is the young one of Hen.  

          Cow (A) Calf                                                                 (B) Lamb (C) Cub                                                                 (D) Child (E) Larva     Answer: (a) Explanation: Calf is the young one of cow.       more...

     Quality   In this type of questions, words are related to each other on the basis of their quality. For example, 1. Farmer: Crop                                 7.  Cobbler: Shoes 2. Hunter: Prey                                   8.  Poet.-Poem 3. Carpenter: Furniture                 9.  Dramatist: Play Ballet 4. Author: Book                                10. Architect: Design 5. Goldsmith: Ornaments             11. Chef: Food 6. Butcher: Meat                              12. Producer: Film                                                                 13. Choreographer            Analysis

•  Producer: Film:  Producer produces the film.
•  Judge: Judgement: Judge judges the judgment.
•  Teacher: Teaching; Teacher teaches the student.
•  Editor: Editing; Editor edits the newspaper.  

          Mason (A) Wall                                                                (B) Education (C) Newspaper                                                 (D) Play (E) Clothes     Answer: (a) Explanation: Mason builds a wall. more...

     Dwelling Place   In this type of questions, words are related to each other as per their dwelling. For examples:

  Bird : Nest

  Cattle : Barn, shed

  Dog : Kennel

  Chicken : Coop

  Pig : Sty

  Sheep: Fold

  Spider:Web

  Squirrel: Drey  

       Analysis

•   Rabbit: Burrow; Rabbit lives in burrow.
•   Dog: Kennel; Dog lives in Kennel.
•   Horse: Stable; Horse lives in Stable.
•   Tiger: Lair; Tiger lives in lair.  

          Fish: ? (A) Stable                                            (B) Den (C) Aquarium                                                     (D) Aviary (E) Kennel     Answer: (c) Explanation: Fish lives in Aquarium.       Monk: ? (A) Monastery                                  more...

     Profession   In this type of questions, two words are given. These words are related to each other in profession. Below given are the examples of analogy based on' profession'. 1. Farmer: Field                                 12. Teacher: School 2. Warrior: Battlefield                     13. Doctor: Hospital 3.  Engineer: Site                              14. Clerk : Office 4. Sailor: Ship                                      15. Servant: House 5.  Pilot: Cockpit                                16. Driver: Cabin 6. Beautician : Parlour                    17. Grocer: Shop 7. Artist: Theatre                              18. Painter: Gallery 8. Actor: Stage                                   19. Waiter: Restaurant 9. Medicine : Garage                      20. Worker: Factory 10. Lawyer: Court                             21. Umpire : Pitch 11. Scientist: Laboratory                22. Gambler: Casino            Analysis  

•  Chef: Kitchen; Chef works in a kitchen.
•  Farmer: Field; Farmer works infield.
•  Warrior: Battlefield; Warrior fights in battlefield.
•  Engineer: Ship; Engineer works more...

     Introduction   Analogy means 'Co-relation'. In other word, it is the way of establishing relation between two different objects, on the basis of some common features. Analogy may be of different types, which are discussed in this chapter.  

     Practice Exercise               Passage - 1   Comprising over 70% of the Earth's surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on the Earth would be non- existent. It is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate. In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.   more...