4th Class

      Introduction   Have you ever imagined being a great artist and making masterpieces? Even if you are not one now, you can become one. One of the applications in Windows called Paint Brush will help you in this. Paint brush is a drawing program that is included with Microsoft Windows. It is a simple graphics editing program. Drawings created in this program can be used as wallpaper or your computer. Files created in Paint Brush are saved as bitmap files. The default file extension of a bitmap file is .bmp. (See Figure 4.7.1)         

     Renaming and Movements of Files     Sometimes you give your friends and pets new names. When using Windows, you can easily give new names to your files and folders.          Given below are the steps for renaming the files:

• In the Windows Explorer, place the mouse pointer on that file which you want to rename and click the right button of the mouse and select Rename.
• You will see a box with the file's name and the name appears highlighted. Start typing the new name.
• When you start typing new name, the original name is deleted and is replaced by the new name.
• Now press Enter, file icon appears with its new name, See Figure 4.6.13)      

      more...

      Keeping Track of Files     Imagine that you have a room filled with toys and you were given the job of organizing all the toys. You decide to start the job by sorting all the toys and grouping similar toys together. For example, you put all of your red marbles in a box and all of your blue marbles in another box and a II of your green marbles in the third box. Then, you put all of those boxes into a bigger box and label it "marbles". Then, you might even put the "marbles" box into a bigger box that contains boxes such as "tennis balls" and "baseballs". You would name that big box "balls". In this example, the toys are like files and the boxes are like folders. Your computer is set up to store similar files in specific more...

    Making Folders     Computer hard drives hold an enormous amount of data or information. It is very important that ail of the data is well organized. That's why it is easy for the computer to find what it is looking for. Knowing how a computer's organization system works will help you to find what you are looking for. Computers use files and folders to organize data. (See Figure 4.6.8)                   A file is a collection of data that is stored together. Files can be stored on a hard drive, a floppy disk or a CD. Everything that a computer does is based on data stored in files. You can do lots of things with files them, name them, rename them, save them or delete them. Certain more...

    Working with Paint   Paint is used for drawing and colouring. On the left hand side of the screen you see several icons in a rectangular box, called the Toolbox. Take the mouse pointer to the Pencil tool and click it. Using this Pencil you can draw whatever you want to draw in the blank space on the screen. As you draw keep the left button pressed. To make your picture colourful, you can select the desired colour from the colour palette and select the Fill with Color icon by clicking it. Click to fill the picture with the selected colour. If you wish to move a window around or to push it a little to the right, take the mouse pointer to the Title Bar, drag it (while keeping the left button pressed) and drop the window to a desired place.   more...

     Starting and Application     You have learned some useful information about Windows, now you will learn to work with one of its applications. We will select an application called Paint, which is often used for drawing and painting. It helps you create simple drawings.           Steps to start the Paint application.

• Click the Start button on the Taskbar. A menu will pop up, showing the options available to you.
• Stop your mouse cursor on Programs. This automatically opens up the list of application programs your computer has.
• Select Accessories and the options under Accessories will be available to you.
• Select Paint. (See Figure 4.6.7)

        There is another easier way to open Paint (or any other application). You more...

     Desktop, Taskbar and windows     When you first switch on your machine, the Windows operating system loads and the first screen which appears is called the Desktop. (See Figure 4.6.1)                                      Desktop is the main background screen of a computer. (See Figure 4.6.2)                                           It is the background for all programs and contains the commands needed for accessing those programs. It is like your personal work area. Actually you get a feel of what is inside your computer. Several icons or small pictures are located on the left side more...

    Introduction   Many of us do multitasking or multiple things at the same time. For example, we love to watch TV programs and eat munch popcorn at the same time. Inside your computer there is one program that manages all the other programs and enables you to switch between different programs or applications. This program is called Windows, which is the most popular OS (Operating System) that controls the working of the computer. An operating system provides the link or interface between the computer hardware and the user. The user does not have to know how the OS does this. The OS looks after the flow of data between the processor and its peripherals, organizes the allocation of memory to the programs that are running, organizes the filing system and manages the security system of the computer and user access to the files. more...

     High Level Programming Languages (HLL)   Machine language and assembly language are machine dependent. Each time we need to change code according to the requirement of machines. Therefore, the need for a new type of language arose. The 3rd generation programming languages (also known as High Level Programming languages) were designed to suit the requirements of the programmer. These are independent of the internal machine code of any particular computer. High level languages are used to solve problems and are often described as problem-oriented languages.                                 OBOL is used to write programs solving business problems and FORTRAN is used or programs solving scientific and mathematical problems. Other examples include Java, C++, Python, BASIC, Pascal, etc. A programming language that is machine-independent is called a "high-level" language. It lets the programmer concentrate on more...

       Low level Programming Languages (LLL)   Like use languages like English, French and Japanese. Computers use languages like machine language and assembly language. Low-level programming languages are programming languages that closely reflect the machine code of specific computers and are therefore described as machine-oriented languages. In computer science, a low-level programming language is that which interact with the hardware directly. Because of this, low-level languages are sometimes described as being "close to the hardware." A low-level language does not need a compiler or interpreter to run. Low-level programming languages are sometimes divided into two categories: