4th Class

     Introduction   The names of person, places, animals, things or abstract ideas are called Nouns. A noun can tell you 'who' or 'what'.      

•  Rozy is talking to Mr. Linkon.
•  The lion is a wild animal.
•  Boys are playing in the field.
•  The watch is very costly.  

        Analysis In the above given sentences Rozy and Mr. Linkon are names of persons, Lion is the name of animal, field is name of a place and watch is the name of a thing, these words are Nouns.          NOTE:

•   All naming words are noun.        

For example: Names of birds, Insects, Flowers, Fruits, Materials, etc.

•   Words denoting feeling of heart and quality or state more...

     Practice Exercise   Read the sentence carefully and write the kind of sentence.       Who stole my watch?   Answer: Interrogative Sentence       The servant did not bring milk.   Answer: Declarative Sentence       How beautiful is the girl!   Answer: Exclamatory sentence       He was climbing on the roof.   Answer: Assertive Sentence             Read the sentence carefully and choose its kind.       Hurrah! We have won the match. (A) Assertive                                                      (B) Interrogative (C) Imperative                                                   (D) Exclamatory (E) Optative     Answer: (d) Explanation: The sentence express happiness. So, the sentence more...

     Optative   The sentence which expresses wish, desire or pray is called optative or optative sentence.      

•  May God bless the poor!
•  May this country be prosperous!
•  May the baby live long!
•  May God give wealth to him!
•  Wish you a very Happy New Year!  

       Analysis The above given sentences are expressing wish, desire and pray. Therefore, these are optative sentences.  

     Exclamation   A sentence that expresses sudden or strong feeling is called an exclamatory sentence.      

•  Hurrah! I will get a prize today.
•  Oh! The poor cat is dead.
•  What a great achievement!
•  Bravo! Serena finished her English paper before the given time.  

      Analysis The above given sentences are expressing happiness, sorrow, surprise and admiration. These are sudden internal feeling of heart. Therefore, they are all exclamatory sentences.         NOTE: A mark of exclamation (!) is put after the exclamatory word or sentence.     

     Command or Imperative Sentences   A sentence that expresses a command, request or advice is called an imperative sentence.        

•  Return village before sunset.
•  Please make tea for me.
•  Take morning walk every day.
•  Don't drink pond water.  

       Analysis All the sentences given above are expressing some command. Sentence (i) is an order, (ii) a request, (iii) an advice and (iv) a prohibition. Therefore, they are all imperative sentences.          Note:

•  A command has a hidden subject which remain in second person.
•  The subject 'you' is generally hidden here.
•  'Come soon' means 'You' come soon.    

     Interrogative or Question   A sentence that asks a question is called a question or an interrogative sentence.        

•   Is this kite flying in the sky?
•   Do you keep your clothes clean?
•   What is the name of your father?  

      Analysis Here, every sentence is asking some information. Therefore, they are interrogative sentences or questions.

•   Why are you so late?  

      NOTE:

• A question begins with either helping verb (is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, will, shall, may, etc.) or question word (what, where, how, when, whom, which, why, etc.)
• A Question more...

     Statement   Assertive Sentence or Declarative The sentence, which says something in general way, is called a statement or an assertive sentence. It is also called declarative sentence.      

•   The teacher teaches us English.
•   Sachin Tendulkar is the best cricketer in the world.
•   India has won the Cricket World Cup in 2011.
•   His liking depends on his mood.    

       Analysis All the sentences given above are saying something in general way. Therefore, they are assertive sentences or statements.  

     Kinds of Sentences   There are mainly five kinds of sentences. These are: (i) Statement                                     (Or Assertive Sentence) (ii) Question                                      (Or Interrogative Sentence) (iii) Command                                  (Or Imperative Sentence) (iv) Exclamation                               (Or Exclamatory Sentence) (v) Optative                                        (Or Optative Sentence)  

     Introduction   A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense.      

•   I have lots of work to do.
•   Do you attend the class regularly?
•   I have acquired the necessary information.
•   Would you some work do?
•   This shop tea little sells.  

       Analysis   The sentence i, ii and iii given above make complete sense. We can clearly understand what has been told. Whereas sentence iv and v do not give us complete sense; hence they cannot be called sentences. Therefore, the words in a sentence have to be placed in their proper order to make complete sense.         NOTE:  

•   First letter of each sentence more...

     Other Analogies           Quantity and Unit 1. Mass : kilogram                          10. Time : Second 2. Force: Newton                           11. Current: Ampere 3. Energy : Joule                              12. Luminosity : Canadela 4. Resistance : Ohm                       13. Pressure : Pascal 5. Volume : Litre                              14. Area : Hectare 6. Angle : Radians                            15. Temperature : Degrees 7. Power: Watt                                  16. Conductivity: Mho 8. Potential: Volt                               17. Magnetic field : Oersted 9. Work: Jule                                       18. Length: Metre         Individual and Group 1. Cattle: Herd                                    7.  Sheep: Flock 2. Flowers: Bouquet                         8.  Riders : Cavalcade 3. Grapes : Bunch                               9.  Bees : Swarm 4. Singer: Chorus                              10. Man: Crowd 5. Artist: Troupe                                11. Soldiers : Army 6. Fish: Shoal                                       12. Nomads: Horde 13. Sailors : Crew         Male and Female more...