5th Class

       Introduction   Presenting the words of a speaker is called narration. Narration may be of two types: (i) Direct Speech (ii) Indirect Speech            Direct Speech   When the actual or exact words of a speaker is presented, it is called Direct Speech.

•   Monu said, "Mamta lives in London."
•   Monu said that Mamta lived in London.

These two sentences refer to the two ways of reporting the words of a speaker. In sentence 1, the actual or exact words of the speaker is presented. This speech is called Direct Speech. NOTE:

•   In Direct Speech the actual words of the speaker are put within inverted commas (" ")                                                    
•   The sentence within inverted commas begins with a capital letter.  

  There are two parts of a more...

       Practice Exercise   Change the following sentences into Passive Voice.       John posts the letter.   Answer: The letter is posted by John.         Mary writes a story.   Answer: A story is written by Mary.     Change the following sentences into Active Voice.         This poem was written by Tagore   Answer: Tagore wrote this poem.         Hindi is spoken all over India.   Answer: People speak Hindi all over India.         Change the following into passive voice. Choose the correct ones from the following.       Carpenter makes furniture. (A) Furniture more...

       Passive voice   When the subject (Person or thing) is the receiver of an action, the form of the verb is said to be in Passive Voice.

•   Rocky helps Maya.
•   Maya is helped by Rocky  

See the difference between these two sentences In the second sentence, the form of the verb shows that the subject Maya is the receiver of the action or something is done to the subject. In other words it can also be said that the subject is not Active hut Passive. So the Verb form is helped is said to be in passive voice. Therefore, active voice is a direct way to show an action whereas passive voice is an indirect way to show action.                            NOTE:

•   Voice is that form of verb which shows whether the subject is doer of more...

       Active voice   When the subject (person or thing) is the doer of an action/the form of the verb is said to be in active voice.                 

•   Rocky helps Maya.
•   Riya is helped by Robin.  

See the difference between these two sentences. In the first sentence, the form of the verb shows that the subject Rocky is doing something. He is the doer of the action. In other words, it can also be said the subject is active. So the verb form 'help' is said to be in active voice.  

        Introduction   Definition: The voice is the form of verb which indicates whether a person or ' thing does something, or whether something has been done to a person or thing.                Look at the following sentences:  

•   I write a letter.
•   A letter is written by me.

Both the sentences given above have the similar meaning. But in the first example subject works itself, whereas in second example the object is used as subject.                There are two kinds of voice.  

•   Active voice
•   Passive voice  

       Introduction   In English language and grammar there are three articles. They are, 'a', 'an' and 'the'.   These three articles are divided into two parts. (i) Indefinite articles: 'a' and 'an' (ii) Definite article: 'the'. Articles are used with nouns.  

           Indefinite articles - A and An   'A' and 'an' are the indefinite articles. They refer to something which is not specific.                 Use of Indefinite Article   1.  'A' and 'an' are used before countable nouns in the singular number.      For example: "I saw an elephant this morning." "I ate o banana for lunch." 2.  'A' and 'an' are also used with a noun complement.      For example: "I am an English teacher." "I am o builder."                Specific Rules of Use   1.       'A' is used when the noun begins with a consonant (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, I, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y and z).   more...

       Practice Exercise   Fill in the blanks with either A or An: 1.       This is ________ useless thing. 2.       She has_______ black cap. 3.       Allahabad is _________holy city. 4.       New York is _______costly city. 5.       This is________ very costly book. 6.       Scoring goal is not __________ easy task. 7.       I got ____________ orange, ____________  banana and two mangoes. 8.       Mr. Sam is _____________European. 9.       I had ___________ bag in which there was ____________ letter. 10.    Julley faced ____________ awkward situation.     Answer: 1. (A)                    2. (A)                     3. (A)                     4. (A)                     5. (A) 6. (An)                  7. (An, A)             8. (A)                     9. (A, A)                 10. (An)    NOTE: (i) Indefinite articles are not used with uncountable noun.                 (ii) Article is not used before the name of games. Such as-She pays ludo.   (iii) more...

       Definite Article 'The'   A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one (or ones), identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned, or it may besomething uniquely specified. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns, is 'the'.                     Use of Definite Article   1.       We use the when we know that the listener knows or can work out the particular person/thing we are talking about.          For example : "The apple you ate was rotten." "Did you lock the car?" 2.       We also use the when we have already mentioned the thing we are talking about.          For example : "She's got two children; a girl and a boy. more...

         Practice Exercise   Fill in the blanks with Definite Articles.       ________ Ganga is a holy river.   Answer: "The" Definite Article (the) is used with the name of river.'         ________ Quran is a holy book of Islam.   Answer: "The" Definite Article (the) is used with the name of a religious book.           Give me _____ pen which I bought yesterday.   Answer: The Definite Article (the) points to a particular 'pen'.         _______ Sun shines brightly.   Answer: The Definite Article (the) is used before havenly bodies.           Fill in the blanks with suitable article A, An more...