7th Class

    Cuboid: Cuboid is a uniform solid which has 6 faces, 8 corners and 12 edges.     Cube: Cube is a cuboid which has identical faces.     Dice: A dice is a cube whose each face contains dots or numbers from 1 to 6.     EXAMPLE     1.  Count the number of cubes in the given figure.        (a) 8                              (b) 10                            (c) 12                            (d) 16   Explanation (b): Number of cubes in the bottom layer = 6 Number of cubes in the middle layer = 3 Number of cubes in the more...

  DOT SITUATION In such type of problems, one or more dot(s) is (are) placed somewhere in the region enclosed in between geometrical figures such as triangle, square, rectangle, circle, etc. A student is required to identify one alternative figure which has the same region(s) as the region(s) marked by dot(s) in the given figure.     EXAMPLE     Select a figure from the four options that has the same conditions of the placement of the dots as in Fig. (X). (a)               (b)                (c)            (d)   Explanation (b): We require a figure amongst the four options that has: more...

Series Completion   A series is a uniform set of one or more digits, letters, figures, etc. in which terms follow a certain rule. To complete a series or identify a term, student is required to identify the rule on which the given series has been formed. Let us illustrate readers with the help of examples and their explained answers.   EXAMPLE   1. Choose the missing term to complete the given series. 3, 5, 10, 12, 24, 26, 52,? (a) 104 (b) 102 (c) 54 (d) 50   Explanation (c): We observe that 2nd term 3rd term 4th term 5th term Clearly the pattern is: So, 8th (required) term Hence the correct option is more...

Analogy In such type of problems, a particular relationship is followed between two pairs of letters, words, numbers, group of numbers, group of letters given on the either side of (::). Student has to identify the relationship and choose the correct answer from the given four options followed by the question.   EXAMPLE   1.  Which number completes the second pair in the same way as the first pair? 120 : 12 :: ? : 4 (a) 40 (b) 30 (c) 20 (d) 10   Explanation (a): In the first pair, 1st number number. Similarly, in the 2nd pair, 1st number Thus, the required number = 40 So the correct option is (a).   2.  Which figure will complete the second pair in the same way as the first pair?   (a) more...

  WHAT IS CODING? Coding is a method of expressing something in secret way.   WHAT IS DECODING? Decoding is a process to understand a coded language.   TYPES OF CODING 1. Letter Coding: Letters are used in forward or backward or both the directions for making some code language. 2. Direct Letter Coding: Letters of a word are directly replaced by other letters. 3. Number/Symbol Coding: Numerals or symbols are assigned to words. 4. Substitution Coding: Some particular words are assigned to certain names.     EXAMPLE   In a certain code, if the word 'ROAD' is coded as 'WTFI', then the word for the code 'GJFY' is (a) REAP                                   (b) TAKE                                   (c) BEAT                                   (d) LATE   Explanation (c): Each letter of the word is five steps behind the corresponding letter of the code. Thus, we have: more...

In this section, problems are based on blood relations. The process of solving these problems (puzzles) depends upon the deep knowledge of blood relations. The common relations are: Father, Mother, Grandparents/Wife, Husband, Son, Daughter, Grandchild, Sister, Brother, etc.   Remarks: 1. Relatives on the mother's side are called 'maternal'. For example, mother's brother is called maternal uncle. 2. Relatives on the father's side are called 'paternal'. For example, father's brother is called paternal uncle. 3. Assume a relation as paternal relation, unless stated otherwise.   HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS To solve problems, find right gender of required relation and eliminate all wrong choices if any. Also, find generation gaps to solve quickly. You can solve by drawing a generation diagram. For this put lower generation below the upper generation and mention M (or m) and F (or f) within bracket for male and female respectively. Please notice that you have more...

  MAIN DIRECTIONS     There are four main directions viz. East, West, North and South. East and West as well as North and South are opposite to each other as shown below. The sun always rises in the East and sets in the West.   Four Other Directions: There are four other directions which lie in between the four main directions. These are: North-East (N-E); North-West (N-W); South-East (S-E); South-West (S-W). Let us show these four directions with the main four directions on a plane paper.   Two Cyclic Directions: There are two cyclic directions namely clockwise and anti-clockwise. The direction of moving as clock's hands is called clockwise direction while its opposite direction is called anti-clockwise direction as shown below. more...

  Logical Venn Diagrams Venn diagram is a pictorial representation of classes representing items and their common properties. We usually use circles to draw a Venn diagram. A Venn diagram consists of two or more circles. Circles may or may not have some common regions according as the respective classes do or do not have common properties amongst them. Note that the given statements are taken to be true disregarding commonly known facts. Let us illustrate the concept of Venn diagrams with the following examples.     EXAMPLE     1.  Which of the following figures represents the relation between 'Parrots', 'Birds' and 'Crows' ? (a)              (b)              (c)           (d)   more...

   Points to Keep in Mind While Writing Notice   (i) To the point A good notice is always to the point and leaves no scope for further enquiries.   (ii) Language Language of notice should always be formal.   (iii) Necessary details A notice should contain all the necessary details such as: 1.       Name of the issuing agency (school, etc.) 2.       Subject and date of issue/release of the notice 3.       Event (what?) 4.       Date/time/duration (when?) 5.       Place/Venue (where?) 6.       Authorized signatory: Name and signature   (iv) Setting     Notice should always be enclosed in a box.                Format   Below given is the format usually followed in writing notices.                                                                                                                                                                                   Date (dd/ mm/yy) ABC School Notice Heading Body                                                                                                                                                                                                Name                                                                                                                                                                                          Designation         Example: Your school is more...

           Introduction A notice is written in order to inform people or pupils (in a school) about an event or an activity. It can be about a competition, an exhibition, an inauguration to take place in near future, or any other activities like an excursion, a meeting or a show.