7th Class

Ratio and Proportions, Percentage and S.I. and C.I.   Ratio A ratio is a relation between two quantities of same kind, The ratio of a number x to another number y (where\[y\ne 0\]) is written as x : y.  
  •               Example:
Daniel wants to divide ` more...

 Data Handling   Modern society is information oriented. Every person wants numeric information of different fields of the society like the marks obtained in a particular subject by the students, five year plans etc. Statistics is a branch of mathematics which deals with the process, analyzing and interpreting the data.   Terms Related to Data
  •               Data: It is defined as the particular more...

      Number System and Operations   Integers Integers are the set of all positive and negative numbers including zero.   Addition of Integer
  •         The sum of two integers is an integer or integers are closed under addition.
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 Exponents   Exponents The continued product of a number multiplied with itself a number of times can be written in exponent form as an, where ?n? is a natural number and ?a? is any number. i.e., an = a \[\times \] a \[\times \] a ..... up to n times. Here a is the base and n is exponent (or index or power). For any rational number \[\left( \frac{p}{q} \right),\text{ }{{\left( \frac{p}{q} \right)}^{n}}\text{= }\frac{p}{q}\times \frac{p}{q}\times \frac{p}{q}\times ............\] up to n times   Laws of Exponents more...

Algebraic Expressions and Linear Equation   Algebraic Expression Algebraic expression is the combination of constants and variables along with the fundamental operations\[(+,-,\times ,\div )\]. The part of an algebraic expression which is separated by the sign of addition and subtraction are called terms.   Types of Algebraic Expression T-re following are the few types of algebraic expression:
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Algebraic Expressions   In an algebraic expression constant and variables are linked with arithmetic operations. The value of unknown variable is obtained by simplification of the given expression.   TERMS OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION Literals or Variables Alphabetical symbols used in algebraic expressions are called variables or literals. a, b, c, d, m, n, x, y, z ........... etc. are some common letters which are used for variables.   Constant Terms The symbol which itself indicate a permanent value is called constant. All numbers are constant. \[6,\text{ }10,\,\,\frac{10}{11},\text{ }15,\text{ }-6,\text{ }\sqrt{3}\text{ }....\] etc. are constants because, their values are fixed.   Variable Terms A term which contains various numerical values is called variable term. For example, Product of 4 and \[X\text{ }=\text{ }4\text{ }\times \text{ }X\text{ }=\text{ }4X\] Product of \[2,\text{ }X,\text{ }{{Y}^{2}}\]and \[Z\text{ }=\text{ }2\text{ }\times \text{ }X\text{ }\times \text{ }{{Y}^{2}}\times \text{ }Z\text{ }=\text{ }2X{{Y}^{2}}Z\] more...

Basic Concepts of Operating System   Introduction The word operating system is self-indicating that this is a system for operating a devise. An operating system is a program which acts as an interface between a computer hardware and users of the computer. It provides such an operating system, the primary goal is to make computer system convenient to use and the secondary goal is to use the computer hardware in an effective manner. The OS helps in a file management, program execution, system management and memory management. Some popular operating system are: LINUX, Window, OSX, VMS, AIX OS/400, Z/OS etc.   Main Layers in an Operating System        Layers in an Operating System is defined as the software which provides interface between different components of the computer. The following five layer model is often used in an Operating System.  
  • Kernel: It connects the application more...

Flowchart and Computer Languages   Introduction Computer programming language is defined as the type of language used for writing the source code of computer program, whereas, computer programs are set of instructions that enable a computer to interact with the user, peripherals and information. These instructions are written in a language called computer programming language. The process of writing computer programs is called computer programming. Before writing a computer program, first you have to develop an algorithm. An algorithm is a group of logical instruction that generates the output according to given input. These algorithms are written in Pseudocode. Pseudocode is an informal description of a computer program that is written in simple English.   While writing a program using a computer programming language, such as C, you need to follow the syntax of that language. A programming language also provide operators that enable you to more...

Networking and Internet   Introduction A computer network is a group of computers that are interconnected to share information and resources. The first networks were implemented by both IBM's SNA Systems Network Architecture) and Digital's network architecture. Internet is the biggest example of computer networking. Through Internet you can send email or file to any location in the world. While developing computer network, you need to use communication devices, such as modem and router. Basically, communication devices are usefull to send and receive data on the network.   Network means connecting with each other. Computers form network for sharing information and resources. A number of computers and peripheral devices are interconnected in such a way that they can share resources and information. This is known as network. Networking is mainly concerned with the communication between computer systems. A computer network is any set of computers connected more...

Working With Microsoft Word 2013   Introduction The Microsoft Word brings new revolution in documentation. Windows platform of Word was released in 1989. Since 1989, many versions of Word has been launched by Microsoft, such as Word 95, Word 97, Word 2000, Word 2002, Word 2003, Word 2007, Word 2010, Word 2013 and word 2016.   Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software that allows the user to create more accurate, concise and correct documents. It's also useful to create brochures, memos, merging letters and newsletters. Microsoft Word enables you to create documents using text formatting, graphic, chart and page formatting tools. Using Microsoft Word, you can add text, tables and graphics more easily.   Word enables various features that allow creating different kinds of documents.   Important Elements in Word 2013   more...

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