6th Class

Living organisms and their surroundings   Synopsis    

• The surroundings or place where organisms live is called habitat. Living organisms depend on habitat for their food, water, air, shelter and other needs.

 

• The habitats of the plants and animals that live on land are called terrestrial habitat.

 

• The habitats of plant and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat.

 

• The plants which grow in deserts or in very dry places where there is scarcity of water are cactus, agave, asparagus.

 

• The habitat of animals that live in air for most of the time are called aerial animals e.g., birds.

 

• The presence of specific more...

Garbage and their Disposal   Synopsis  

• Discarded rubbish, refuse, domestic waste, used plastic items and wrapping materials are called garbage.

 

• The wastes which can be broken down to harmless or non-poisonous substances by the action of microorganisms are called biodegradable wastes.

e.g.. Kitchen waste, waste from plants and animals.  

• The wastes which cannot be broken down by microorganisms are called non- biodegradable wastes.

e.g., plastics, glass, objects, metal articles, etc.  

• Landfill is an area where garbage collected from a city or town is dumped.

 

• The manure obtained by rotting of plants, animals and waste from kitchen is called compost.

 

• The method of making compost from more...

                                                                         Food   Food Food is a substance eaten by the living organisms in order to remain alive. Fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, milk, etc. are the examples of food.   Sources of Food Plants: Foods like cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables, etc. are obtained from the plants. Animals: Food like meat, milk, eggs, honey, etc. are obtained from animals.   Producers and Consumers All living organisms has been broadly classified into two groups: producers and consumers.   Producers: All the green plants make their own food, therefore, green plants are called producers.                                               Consumers: Animals consume the food prepared by green plants, therefore, animals are called consumers.   Types of Consumers Consumers have been classified in the following groups on the more...

                                                                Fibre to Fabric   Fibre to Fabric We use clothes for making variety of things like shirts, pants, skirts, sarees, uniforms, bed sheets, blankets, curtains, table cloths, towels, school bags, gunny bags, etc. So clothes are very important for us. In this chapter we will study about different types of fibres.   Clothes: Clothes are fabrics which are made up of yarns and in turn yarns are made up of fibres.   Fibres: Fibres are very thin, thread-like strand from which clothes are made up of.   Yarns: Yarns are made up of fibres. Fibres are turned into long twisted thread by the process of spinning called yarns.   Fabrics: Yarns are woven together to make fabrics. Then fabrics are used to prepare different types of clothes like shirts, pants, bags, etc.   Types of Fibres There are two types more...

                                                Grouping Materials and their Separation   Sorting Materials into Groups All the objects that we see around us are made up of matter called materials. Like, animals, insects, birds, plants, trees, houses, machines, tools, tables, chairs, clothes, etc. are objects which are made up of matter. To understand the process of classification, first we have to know the basis of classification.   Basis of Classification The characteristics or properties, which are taken as the base for the classification of given objects, are called basis of classification. There are a number of characteristics which are taken as the basis for classification. Like 'living and non-living', 'natural and artificial’, 'solid, liquid and gas', ' shape', 'colour', etc. Note: You can also classify the materials by selecting the characteristics as per your own choice.   Properties of Matter Now let us understand some properties of matter.   more...

                                                    Changes Around Us   Changes Around Us We observe changes around us all the time. Changes may occur in shape, size, mass, density, colour, position, temperature, structure or in composition of a substance. So we can define a change as: ‘Transformation in one or more than one physical or chemical properties of a substance is called change’.   Types of Changes Types of changes on the basis of either the changes can be reversed to bring back the original substance or not:   Reversible Change A change which can be reversed to form the 'original substance' is called reversible change. For example, melting of ice, freezing of water, dissolution of salt in water, increase in temperature of a metal rod, etc.   Irreversible Changes A change which cannot be reversed to form the 'original substance' called irreversible change. For example, burning of wood, ripening more...

                                                                 Living Organisms and their Habitats   Plants There are a large number of plants in our surroundings. Plants are living things which can make their own food. They are vital for the survival of animals including us. Let's study about the plants in some detail.   Classification of Plants on the Basis of Bearing Flowers All the plants has been divided into two groups on the basis that either they bear flowers or not.   Flowering Plants: The plants, which bear flowers, are called flowering plants. For example, rose, mango, sunflower, grass, lemon, tulsi, peepal, etc.   Non-Flowering Plants: The plants, which do not bear flowers, are called non-flowering plants. For example, ferns, mosses, algae, fungi, etc.   Classification of Plants on the Basis of Size, Nature of Stem and Life-span   Herbs Herbs are small plants which have a soft and delicate stem. more...

  Body Movements   Body Movements When we move our body parts like mouth, head, arms, hands and fingers, etc, then our body may remain at the same place. But when we walk by using legs, then we move our whole body from one place to another. The ability of a human being to move its body from one place to another, is called locomotion.   The Skeletal System The human skeleton or skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. A baby has 300 bones in all. But as it grows, some of the bones fuse together or join. Before we learn more about bones and the joints and where they are joined together, let us take a look at the functions of the skeletal system.   Functions The bones of our body act as a framework or give a shape to our body. Without more...

  Motion and Measurement of Distance   Physical Quantities The quantities like length, mass, time etc. that can be measured are called physical quantities.   Measurement: It is the comparison of an unknown quantity with a certain fixed quantity of the same kind.   Unit of Measurement: A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity. For example metre, centimetre, kilometre etc are units of length.   Standard Unit: For the sake of uniformity, scientists all over the world have accepted a system of units called Sl System. In the SI the System

• The unit of length is metre (m).
• The unit of mass is kilogram (kg).
• The unit of time is second (s).
• Other system used are FPS, CGS and MKS.

  Multiples and Submultiples of Units Length 1 centimetre (cm) = 10 millimetres 1 decimetre (dm) = more...

  Light, Shadow and Reflection   Light Light is a form of energy visible to the human eye that is radiated by moving charged particles. Speed of light in air is about\[3\times {{10}^{8}}m\text{/}s\].   Ray: It is a very narrow and straight path of light.   Beam: It is broader and consists of several rays.   Sources of Light The objects which give out light are called sources of light. Sun, star, bulb, torch, candle, lantern, lamp, etc. are the sources of light.   Luminous and Non-luminous Objects The objects which produce their own light are called luminous objects. Sun, stars, bulb, torch, candle, lantern, lamp etc. are luminous objects. The objects which do not produce light on their own are called non-luminous objects. Table, fan, book, chair, etc. are non-luminous objects.   Transparent, Translucent and Opaque Objects Transparent Objects: The objects which allow light to more...