Determiners
Introduction: Determiners are words like the, an, my, some. They are grammatically similar. They all come at the beginning of noun phrases, and usually we cannot use more than one determiner in the same noun phrase.
Determiners are different to pronouns in that a determiner is always followed by a noun. Therefore personal pronouns (I, you, he, etc.) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) cannot be determiners.
The definite and indefinite articles a, an and the are all determiners.
List of Different Determiners
Articles:
Possessive Adjectives:
Voice
Introduction: Voice is the form of the verb which shows whether the subject acts or is acted upon.
Consider the following sentences:
(i) Raja loves Reena.
(ii) Reena is loved by Raja.
There is practically no difference in the meanings of the above two sentences. These are two different ways of presenting the same thing. But in the first sentence, the subject performs the action, whereas in the second sentence, The subject of the verb is acted upon. It means the subject of the first sentence becomes the object of the verb of the first sentence.
The voice shows whether subject performs the action or the subject receives the action.
Kinds of Voice
There are two voices:
(i) Active voice
(ii) Passive voice
When the subject of more...
Modals
Introduction: All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs, modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence.
The modal verbs are: Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Shall, Should, Ought to, Will, Would
Uses of Modal Verbs
| Model | Example | Use |
| Can | They can control own budgets. We can't fix it can I smoke here? Can you help me? | Ability/possibility /inability /impossibility asking for permission request |
| Could |
Could I borrow your dictionary?
Could you say it again more more...
 Preposition
Introduction: A Preposition is a word placed before a noun or a noun-equivalent to show its relation to some other word in the sentence.
Generally, a preposition is used before a noun or pronoun. But, sometimes, a preposition is not used before a noun or pronoun.
Who was she talking to?
This is the bungalow he lives in.
This is the man whom I lent some money to.
Remember:
(i) Prepositions can also govern other parts of speech used as Nouns.
From here, before now, for good, in short, about to go, etc.
(ii) Prepositions can also govern Phrases and Clauses.
I shall go to where you have come from
It depends more...
 Direct & Indirect Narrations
Introduction: Narration means something that is narrated, an account of, detailing an event, etc. The word 'narration' is taken from the word 'narrate', which means 'to give an account or tell something'.
There are two types of narration:
(i) Direct
(ii) Indirect
Direct narration states the statement of person, exactly the same, spoken by him or her. This statement is put within inverted commas (" ").
Sita said, "I have seen Hanuman."
The sentence contains the statement as said by Sita - "I have seen Hanuman", which in direct narration.
Indirect Narration states the statement of a person, which we analyze or interpret in our own words; or just narrate or summaries the principal motive of the speaker.
Sonia said that she was more...
 Conjunctions
Introduction: A Conjunction is a word which joins together sentences and sometimes words.
Conjunctions are of two kinds:
(i) Coordinating
(ii) Subordinating
A conjunction that joins two words or two coordinate clauses or sentences is called a coordinating conjunction.
Anil came here and sat down.
Shankar is poor but honest.
In these sentences, both and and but are coordinating conjunctions.
Again, let us take an example:
Viren is honest though poor.
Here, though is a subordinating conjunction.
 Uses of Conjunctions
1. Not only ..... but also is used before those words which it stresses.
2. Neither is followed by nor while either is followed by or.
3. Both is followed more...
 Verb
Introduction: A Verb is a word which affirms or predicts something of some person or thing, or a part of speech expressing being, action or the suffering of action.
Verbs are divided into two main classes - Principal and Auxiliary.
(i) When a verb is used independently, it is called a Principal Verb.
Call, go, work, etc.
(ii) When a verb is used only to help some other verb to form voices, moods and tenses, it is called an Auxiliary Verb. [Auxiliary means helping.] The only verbs that can be so used are - can, be, have, shall, will, may, do.
The classification of Verbs can be easily understood from the structure given below.
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Time & Tense
Introduction: Tense is that form of a verb which shows the time and state of an action on event. It comes from Latin word tempus, meaning time. Tense is the change of form in a verb to express the time of an action. There are three principal tenses -
(i) The Present Tense: describes an action in the present time. Example: I go. He runs. They are walking.
(ii) The Past Tense: describes an action in the past time. Example: I went. He ran. They were playing.
(iii) The Future Tense: describes an action in the future time. Example: I shall go. He will run. They will be walking.
Each of these principal tenses has four forms - Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous.
To understand Tense better, you should remember the conjugation of verb always.
Subject-verb Agreement
Introduction: Subject-Verb agreement is one of the most important topics in Grammar. It can be called the structure or the skeleton. For correct and confident English, you have to have a good understanding of this agreement. Subject- Verb agreement is based on two basic rules.
Rule 1:
SUBJECT is SINGULAR__________VERB is SINGULAR
(i) He writes poem. (Sing. Sub. Sing. Verb) Setting arrangement of underlined examples.doc
(ii) Vinay goes to office. (Sing. Sub. Sing. Verb)
Exception:
(i) With I, excluding am and was, there is always a Plural subject.
(ii) You always stakes a Plural subject.
Rule 2:
SUBJECT is PLURAL__________VERB is PLURAL
Choose the word which is most similar in meaning (synonym) to the words given in bold.
Graphic
(a) Conspicuous
(b) Vivid
(c) Distinct
(d) Vague
(e) None of these
