Current Affairs Essays

Alcoholism has serious negative consequences not only for the affected individual but also for society at large. By using a public health approach that integrates medical, psychological, and social therapies, primary care physicians can educate at-risk patients to prevent alcohol abuse from starting and intervene to halt progression of the disease in patients with early or late alcoholism. The signs of causes of alcoholism are unknown but strong evidence exists for a genetic origin. Given the inherited risk, a variety of psychological and environmental factors (e.g. depression, broken home, alcohol misuse by other family members) appear to influence the expression of that risk in the individual. Once begun, alcoholism typically progresses over 10 to 20 years. Because the progression is gradual, however, it is difficult to determine the exact time when a person becomes an alcoholic. People without a genetic risk for alcoholism or a previous history of alcohol abuse can also have an alcohol problem (e.g. a recently bereaved person) or experience negative consequences from drinking (e.g. a teenager who drinks and drives). Thus all patients, not just those with a diagnosis of alcoholism, are candidates for primary prevention efforts by the primary care physician in the office setting. These efforts can reinforce and support substance abuse education and interventions that take place within the home, at school or work and in the community. The most effective way for the physician to reduce alcoholism (and Other substance abuse) is by taking a positive, public health approach combining medical, psychological and social interventions. When early alcoholism or risk factors for alcohol abuse are detected, the physician acts either to prevent alcohol abuse from beginning or to halt any further progression of the disease. Since alcohol problems and their solutions differ significantly according to the age, sex and ethnicity of the individual, it is important for physicians to be 'culturally sensitive' and avoid imposing their own personal norms upon their patients. Simply passing judgment usually proves to be counter-productive.   Primary-prevention: Before it starts The goal of primary prevention is to identify those patients at risk for alcohol abuse and to educate them in order to stop the disease before it starts. Persons at risk for alcohol abuse often present to their doctor for routine healthcare. To inform them of their increased vulnerability for addictions, the physician needs to take a thorough history to uncover risk factors for alcoholism. Sometimes drawing a genogram (medical family tree) helps uncover important information about family dynamics, major life events and other aspects of the environment that the patient may not otherwise volunteer. Secondary prevention aims to identify patients with early disease and halt disease progression. In its early stages, alcoholism has few specific signs or symptoms but clinicians can prevent progression if they recognize alcoholism early and intervene. Before they exhibit overt alcoholism, alcoholic patients typically present to healthcare facilities for a variety of difficulties over a 5- to 15-year period. Physicians with a high degree of suspicion can recognize combinations of certain conditions more...

Industrialisation is vital for a country's economic development. Indian industrial sector is characterised by under-utilisation of resources, low capital formation, low level of technology, lack of skilled manpower and social attitudes of the population. Indian industrial development is also highly influenced by the political climate of India, the political philosophy of the ruling party, the attitude and culture of the political administrators and Indian Industrial Policies. Indian industry also depends highly on the attitudes and aspirations of the Indian manpower and Indian society. The economic structure of India follows a mixed economy. Thus, the functioning of dual sectors - public and private - exist in India. Public sector includes both public utility undertakings and public enterprises. Due to several factors, such as, low returns, longtime lag, defence requirements, public utilities, large resource requirement, development of backward regions, development of infrastructure, etc. the Government had to invest in certain capital- intensive segments to share the burden of industrialisation and to generate employment opportunities. However, most of the public sector undertakings do not perform well from the angle of profitability and/or efficiency for many reasons, like initial heavy costs, capital-intensive industries, large capacities, heavy social costs, low priced products, labour problems and high expense ratio, unprofessional manpower planning, etc. The role of private sector in Indian industrial development cannot be overstated. Private sector is also sharing Government's burden in certain heavy investment ventures today, like infrastructure. This is due to the improved government policy towards private sector. The Indian Government has been from time to time changing its industrial policies to suit the economic and global environment. Further, there can be found a trend towards taking advantage of the liberalised industrial policy framework. This is vindicated by the various indicators of investment intentions. However, the private sector in India faces several obstacles: undue delay by the government authorities, restrains on capacity, over- dependence on public sector, price restrictions, small scale reservations, finance, etc. Though private sector is facing many problems, its contribution to Indian economy is remarkable. For instance, India achieved a GDP growth rate of7 per cent in 1995-96 for the first time since 1950, despite a low agricultural growth rate of2.4 per cent. The major factor which contributed for this growth rate was achievement by the industrial sector which registered a growth rate of 12.1 per cent in 1995-96. Further, besides the output aspect, there is an equally important aspect relating to the pattern of industrial development. There can be found substantial changes in the pattern of Indian industrial development which can be viewed from two dimensions: one, there is a fast growth of basic and capital goods industries; and two, there is a large diversification of industries. During independence, industrial production was confined to select industry categories. Progress of industrial sector in India has been a striking feature of Indian economy. Industrial production has gone up by about seven times, registering a compound rate of growth of 6 per cent per annum during Plan period. This is certainly impressive more...

The celebrated scientist of the world once confessed - '... Always I feel there is a super power working above and beyond me. I feel his presence but unable to see him'. Einstien's this 'superpower' is no doubt, which we call the God. Religion is a belief in or the worship of a God or gods. It is a particular system of belief or worship. A person is totally devoted to his religion and it rules his life. So religion, the very word immediately reminds us the existence of God. It is not a dogma or blind faith. In a true peace and harmony between head and heart. This valueless World cannot produce good citizens. Another important aspect of scientific development is that gradually it makes individuals so dependent that they loose their creativity. Science is not to be blamed but the way we use it is very important. Despite tremendous scientific developments we are still unable to win over death. We are unable to know the purpose aim of our birth. The modern civilization has achieved its peak and the fall is inevitable. The early symptoms of mass destruction are clearly visible. So, it is good to bring out a synthesis between religion and science. Let's use science purposefully for the betterment of humanity Science is the product of human brain and the human brain is the product of God. So, why should we forget this basic truth. Temporary sensual pleasure is forbidden in every religion. Once Vivekanand observed 'you can better read Gita playing foot ball'. What we rightly need is a powerful co-ordination between scientific temper sanctioned by religions ethos. Otherwise anarchy will rule over the world. Can all the medicines of the world cure a man who is pre-destined to die? The modern man has become a money making machine and everybody is lost is a mad, mad rat race. How long this will go on . . .? Religion is in a sense 'Super Science'. So let's hope for a better world based on God's paradise bliss where the peace of nectar flows and sanctioned by a value based scientific temper.

Over the past few years, computers have become a vastly popular household item. The luxury of emailing messages as opposed to charging up the phone bill is more appealing. Checking news, weather, and sports via the Internet is a convenience that many are taking advantage of. Our children's lives are already getting influenced by technology - and this is just the beginning. Computers and Internet are here to stay and software titles targeting young children continue to increase. Computer science has become a compulsory subject in Indian schools. Today, we find computers in use everywhere, whether we go to reserve a train ticket or to a bank. This is because it is faster and helps us complete our work without mistakes/errors. So parents too have realised the need to help their children develop strong computer skills. Children are learning to read and write with computer games instead of homemade flash cards. They are reading their bedtime stories online instead of in bed with their parents. Slowly traditions are being broken and the computer is becoming a child's learning tool. Many parents are buying computer learning games instead I of board games and pop-up books. Parents are leaving the learning process to the computers .mil Spending less quality time with their children. The most important learning step for children is interaction with others. If they .sitting in front of the screen all day, they do not learn to share, w.nl their turn, or even something as simples as manners. Children  need to be m contact with other children, adults, and animals They need to experience things first hand, not off a computer screen. When children log on to the computer their innocence is noticeable. Children are an easy target for adults who pose to be other children with similar interests. Sexual offenders often chat online with children and then make plans to meet them or slowly filter information about them. Children are innocents and honesty on the computer can pose some huge problems. They do not know any better and usually it will only harm them in the end. One benefit of the computer age is that children are becoming smarter. They are growing up computer literate and will have that as a huge advantage. Computer literacy is becoming a huge job qualification and feeling comfortable with one will put then a step ahead. Children will also be able to complete homework on line. In some places, if you miss school you can find out the assignment that you miss and catch up. This is very helpful if your child comes down with the flu, but do you want them to feel like it is okay to miss school because they can catch up with their computer? Overall, children can benefit from computers if they are used wisely. Parents that supervise their children when they are on the computer can ensure that everything is happening safely. Computers are the wave of the future, but old fashioned learning techniques should not be more...

India is the seventh largest country in the world. It has the world's second largest population. Located entirely in the northern hemisphere it is bound by Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal border its coastline. The mainland has three well-defined geographical regions, the mountain zone of the Himalayas, the Indo-gangetic plain,(formed by the basins of three great rivers Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra) and the southern peninsula of the Deccan Plateau. The main river systems are the Himalayan rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra which are snow-fed; the peninsular rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi, and the coastal rivers. India has a rich variety of vegetation and animal life, wi.th special types of flora and fauna. The climate of the country varies from region to region. In some places, including the coastal areas, the climate is almost uniform throughout the year. There are quite a few places in the country which have a moderate climate, such as towns in the North of the country or Bangalore in the South. On the other hand most areas are very hot in summer. The Indian seasons can be divided as follows: March to June: Summer; July to October: Monsoon; November to February: Winter. In terms of agriculture, a wide variety of crops and vegetables are grown that has made it a surplus food producing country. Animal husbandry, dairy, poultry and fishery industry are also well developed. Present-day India has made significant headway in large-scale industrialisation. As a result, India has become one of the top five industrialised nations of the world. It produces every conceivable industrial item and consumer goods, and has achieved significant success in frontier scientific research including peaceful application of nuclear energy, space and satellite research, communication technology and biotechnology. India also has the third largest reservoir of scientific and technological manpower. Pioneering scientists such as Nobel laureate C. V. Raman, Homi Bhaba, J.C.Bose, Satyen Bose, Nobel laureates Hargovind Khorana and S. Chandrasekhar have won laurels for India both at home and abroad. Historically India is an ancient land with a continuous civilization of 5000 years. The Indus valley civilisation (3000 BC to 1500 BC) was followed by the Sanskrit-speaking Vedic period (1500 BC to 500 BC). The first of the Indian empires, the Mauryan empire began shortly after with Chandragupta Maurya (274-237 BC) as King. The post-Asoka "empires were followed by empires ofthe Gupta, Pratihara, Pala, Chalukya, Chola, Pandya dynasties. Subsequently, around the 9th century, the Muslim period was established followed by the arrival of the Europeans, mostly British in the 17th century. On August 15, 1947 India attained independence. It adopted a parliamentary system of government with a union of states proclaiming itself to be a Sovereign Democratic Republic. The country has been divided into 28 States and 7 Union Territories. The States have considerable autonomy of their own while the Union Territories are governed by the President through appointed administrators. At the village level one finds more...

There are many social problems India is facing. Out of them Dowry system is one of the biggest problem prevailing in India. Dowry system can as regarded as an illegal system in which though unwillingly but after marriage bride's parents need to give money and other necessary items to bride. It use to be a good tradition but with the changing time its purpose has changed completely. Now, this system has taken a bad form and it has emerged as the biggest evil of our society. Earlier bride's parents use to give dowry according to their status and with their own choice. Nothing was forced. But now people from bride's side are forced to give dowry for the sake of Hurii.ige. They are forced to give more and more money at nine of marriage and even after marriage people are becoming greedy. Some people give their son higher education like Doctor, Engineer and MBA but it further helps them to encash their sons. So they expect that Whatever they have spent on their sons, the recovery of the money should be done by their respective daughter In-laws’ or their parents. Marriage has become a kind of departmental store of boys tied with price tags that are put according to their profession. Now, its up to brides parents financial condition which boy they can afford for their daughters as groom. Marriage use to be a pure ceremony, about which it was said that God use to fix them up above in heaven. But now the whole scenario has changed. Now, brides are killed or forced to suicide if they are not able to fulfil needs of their greedy in laws. In laws misbehave with girls and (fortune) them if did not bring what they have asked for. Day in and day out, we hear heart-rending news of bride burning. How disgusting it is that for some people, money matters more than the life of a person! When a marriage takes place, the in-laws of a bride expect her to bring dowry in large quantities but when she fails to satisfy their greed after marriage, they harass her, they torture her and Sometimes, they even kill her. In this way, the custom which Was a healthy one in its early phase, has now turned into a Social evil. In old times, at the time of their daughter's marriage the parents used to give their daughter some gifts. They would also give gifts to their son-in-law and other members of his side. These very gifts came to be called as dowry. This system remained a healthy one for a long time. Actually, the things received as dowry were supposed to be helpful in the newly - married couple's life. But, with the passage of time, it turned into an evil. Now, the groom's side started demanding dowry. Either the girl's parents had to meet their demands or they had to look for another groom. Sometimes, those who could not afford to give dowry, more...

Now-a-days, remix albums are selling like hot cakes. Today it has become some sort of rule that every music album must have a video where three or four girls, insufficiently dressed are dancing with the pelvic moves. This fashion was kick started by 'Tu hai wohi', 'Kaliyon ka Chaman', 'Kanta Laga' by DJ Doll, the latest one being 'Kabhi aar kabhi paar' and many more. The English songs are blended into the Hindi remixes beautifully by these DJ's who use impressive accomplishments to fuse both the sounds- Certain Hindi golden oldies are fused with popular international hits to give a tremendous vocal effect. Typical example are 'Kehdoon tumhe' which was originally an English oldie hit 'Just wanna be close to you' and the lead track 'Saiyan dil mem aana re' which was originally of spice girl's popular song 'wannable’. These albums reflect the changing phase of remixes. It's all about being Indian and International at the same time. It's just like being 'Hinglish' or rather the proper word to be used is that it is the 'Fusion' of the two different scores of music. The trend today is of remixes and such trend is followed to suit the listener's trend, changing tastes but at the same time we cannot deny that this gradual change in our Indian music with computers and new type of instruments are losing their flavour now. Now anything created in Bollywood from 1950-1990 can be remixed. From 'Kajra Mohabbat Wala' to 'Mere. Naseeb', every thing has been ruthlessly and shamelessly butchered. the trend that started long way back with 'Chura liya hai' has finally gripped the Indian music like serpent aid today these remixes are becoming more popular by the extent of vulgarity shown in their videos. There would be a time when the next generation would be lost on the names of some of the great singers, lyricist and music directors. They would only be aware of the famous DJ's, remixing companies and other X, Y, Z's. Though they are cheating the rich heritage of old music and songs but still they are accepted by young generation. On the other hand, remixing can be seen as an educative experience for the next generation as they can get insight into the yester year's music. Remixes make the new generation related to old songs. However, remixing makes the member peppy and definitely more acceptable by our younger generation but it is true that remixing has spoiled the original track. Earlier, it used to be fire dance styles, facial expressions but now it is plain obscenity in music videos. Moreover, it is not good that music companies today are making money out of someone else's hard work. Cashing on other's talent does not make sense. Rest all depends upon the target audience and the ratio of acceptors and non-acceptors.

Ever since I was a child, my mother raised me to recognise and appreciate various kinds of friends. There are three different kinds of friends in this life. I classify them according to how well 1 know them and how well they know me. We encounter each of them everyday, whether in school, home, or at the gym. However, we rarely spend much time actually thinking about and classifying these people. First, there are the 'pest friends'- general acquaintances. Next, there are 'guest friends'- social partners. Lastly, we have 'best friends'- our true friends. The first type of friend is simply an acquaintance. This means that you basically only know their name. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. Usually, you meet these types of friends in school, at work, on the bus, in the gym, or anywhere else you might be. You normally would not mind having a cup of coffee with them, but if anything else came up, you usually would have no problem parting company. You normally don't miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friends who give you the most amount of aggravation. Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, such as school or work, you would  not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something aggravating, such as tapping the fingers in a table or    chewing gum loudly. This is why I call them 'pest friends. The second category of friends I call 'social partners.' This is because they are closer than acquaintances, but nowhere near as close as a true friend. Social partners are usually acquaintances who evolve into 'guest friends' through increased extracurricular activities. You know their name, a little of what they like or dislike, a little of their family history, and usually have several things in common. As the saying goes, 'Birds of a feather flock together so too the social partners have to have several things in common with you. No one is going to want to spend any more time than necessary with somebody completely opposite and aggravating to him. Keep in mind, though, that the biggest thing that distinguishes a 'best friend' from a 'guest friend' is the fact that 'guess friends' usually don't converse about anything substantial or deep, such as their innermost desires and fears. Usually, 'guest friends' try to keep the topic of conversation happy and light. They would not open up to you how they are really feeling. They are still preoccupied with 'saving face.' You still do enjoy hanging out with them. But when the going gets tough, they are not there for you. The last type of friend is the 'best friend.' Normally, you know ; them the longest. You probably grew up together as children. He or she knows everything about you. Likewise, you know everything about him or her. They are basically more...

India is a vast country with different people, cultures and religions. It is a developing country so it has to deal with many problems like poverty, unemployment, etc. Prime root cause of all these problems is daily increasing population. We have crossed the mark of billion and are second after China in population. The main problem which arises due to increasing population, is of unemployment. There are limited numbers of jobs but eligible candidates are more than that. So, everyone is not able to get the job and problem of unemployment is increasing day by day This problem leads us to many other problems like poverty and crime. Not gaiting right job leads our youth to adapt wrong means to satisfy his needs. Unemployment leads to poverty. People are not able to get proper food, education and other normal necessities of life. This state further leads to depression. Some people in depression commit suicide while others to fulfil their daily requirements start doing wrong deeds for money. People start robbing, murder and all other immoral things to make their life comfortable. In this way increasing population shakes up whole moral, social and psychological order of society.   Causes There are different reasons of growing population in India. Illiteracy is main cause of this problem. People are uneducated and they don't know the importance of having small families. They keep on having more children just to increase their financial status. They think the more children they will have, it will help them in their future. But they are not aware of the facts that increase in population leads to many different problems. Other main reason for this is that people want to have a baby boy and until they did not have a boy they keep on having babies. So the greed of having boy is also another cause of increasing problem. But this problem has imbalanced the whole biological system.   Methods There are many ways in which we can still manage to keep our population in control. Education is the best way to make everyone aware of the ill effects of increasing population people in villages must get proper education so that they come to know about family planning and understand what its all about. They must get proper education also that they can later on give their children proper education. Government should take serious steps to make more ways to reach to villagers and make them understand about family planning, equality between boys and girls and importance of small families. People should on their own become more broad-minded and make others also aware of this huge problem which can effect our status of living. If we want to control our problems like crime, poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy then the one way to do this is to control increasing population.

Today we are relishing the ambrosial taste of the modern scientific technology and applications. Science and technologies are a part of all human activities, from the houses that we live in, the food we eat, the cars we drive, and to the electronic gadgetry in almost  every home that we use to remain informed and entertained. These all evidences show the blessings of scientific knowledge on humans. Before eighteenth century we were plunged in the depths of ignorance and unawareness of scientific knowledge. Without having an adequate scientific knowledge, our ancestors had buried their common senses deep under the mask of ignorant prejudices but it was the scientific revolution in nineteenth century that unsheathed it and now we can see that the whole world is globalised : due to this scientific revolution. Science has affected human life and culture in manyways and requires numerous books to discuss its impacts on us. So in this essay my goal is only to describe the impacts on health and behaviour in comparison with the past and present.                  Before the revolutionary changes in early nineteenth century,; health problems and a large number of fatal diseases gulped the whole community like a malicious dragon. The most common health problems were the numerous fatal diseases and epidemics. There was no cure for the most common diseases so these diseases always acted as a catastrophe. In those days emergence of an epidemic always proved 'Pandora's Box' to the whole locality. At that moment average life span was thirty to forty years. Some common diseases like Chicken pox, Measles, Typhoid and many different kinds of fevers had killed more than the present American population in last seven centuries through the whole planet. On the other hand if we analyse the ratio of mortality in year 1999 in comparison with the past, we would come to know that these diseases couldn't affect more than some thousands of human lives. As the most descriptive condition of humans, health is very important factor for us. Without health we can't survive or by having a bad health we can't reach the average human life span. After the scientific revolution, the scientific applications have led to the treatment of numerous fatal diseases and health problems and now we are able to increase the average life span to more than seventy years. Now we can treat those fatal epidemics that ruined every human life on their way from city to city some centuries ago. By implementing many scientific techniques and methods we are now able to overcome these diseases. for example in the past we were unable to cure Chicken pox, but on the other hand now we can easily get rid of this disease. There are a lot of examples like that of Chicken pox which emphasise the impacts of science on health and fitness. The most common implications in the field of medicine and health are the sophisticated contribution of pharmacy and modern way of treatment. In the field of the pharmacy, more...