Current Affairs Essays

India is a land of the largest democracy. There is a multi party system of governance. As per the constitutional provision the party with the highest majority through a general election is entitled to form the government and its leader will be the Prime Minister of India. After getting Independence in 1947 the Congress Party which played the leading role in the struggle for freedom emerged as the ruling party in India. This party continued to rule till 1977 continuously. In due course India was over crowded with so many political parties that the people were largely confused. In 1977 the Janata Party—a unified power of opposition parties replaced the long ruling party i.e. the Congress. But only for a few years. For the first time in 1989 the politics of coalition took a new form in Indian political system. Coalition means an alliance of different political parties which come together at a single platform to run a government with a common agenda. The first coalition government headed by V. P. Singh was a great  allure. Again the congress came to rule. The 1989-91 period  of coalition saw nothing like a happy consensus emerge. Instead we had the Mandal Commission and the Rath  Yatra. Far from becoming united India tore itself apart. Even so liberal commentators continued to sing the praises of coalition politics. When the NDA coalition took office, we were assured that the BJP's latent communalism had now been checked and that such giants of secularism as George Fernandez would restrain the Hindu fanatics. But nothing of this sort could be seen. Such experiences prove that coalitions tend to work against India's interest. The big advantage claimed for coalition politics-that it leads to moderation and consensus-is entirely illusory. And all the obvious disadvantages-the squabbling for births, the slow pace of decision making, the absence of a clear ideology etc.- far out way any possible advantages.  Much worse, these days is the nature of the parties that any coalition will have to contain. The sad truth is that nearly any party in India today is built not around ideology but around the personality of a single leader or a family dynasty. In some cases the leader's charisma is reinforced by caste ' calculation. Every party is based on charisma and family. Few, if any, of these parties actually believe in any thing. A nearly every case there is no inner party democracy. No new leaders will ever emerge from their ranks. Success and succession are decided only by birth. When we talk of coalition politics of the centre we are not really talking about a coalition of such parties as the Congress, the BJP or the CPM. To reach the majority figure, every coalition must include M.P.'s from several of these parties, many of whom will have to be made minister. Thus it does not matter how much one party hates another, how much one support the other's ideologies. The only concern for them is that how many MPs more...

Obedience is a great virtue. The lesson of obedience is an important one. It may be both personal and social. It is a great moral virtue and a sure sign of refined personality. Obedience is at the root of the progress of this world. Our parents love us. They wish our good. They always work for our welfare. They are glad if we are great and good. Whatever they bid us to do is for our own good. We should obey them and do what they wish us to do. The young in a family are expected to follow the advice of their elders. If they refuse to obey, the institution of the family ceases to exist. Now what starts well at home shows better in the society. For, home is the breeding ground of the values of life. An obedient child learns to respect his teachers, obeys the rules of his institution and inspires his classmates to do the same. We live in the society. We must obey the laws of the society. If we do not do so, there cannot be any progress. We must also obey the laws of the state. If we do not obey the laws of government, there will be great disorder. There will be no peace in the country. People will quarrel and fight among themselves. They will commit crimes. Thus people cannot live in safety. Thus we see that obedience is necessary everywhere. If we want to command others, we must first learn to obey. We must show to others that we know how to obey. Then others will obey us. If we do not obey our superiors, our subordinates will not obey us. It is no disgrace or shame to obey the just commands of our superiors. But we must not flatter them. Flattery is not obedience. A nation becomes prosperous if the people are obedient. The strong are obedient. The weak are not so. The civilised men are obedient. We must learn the lesson of obedience from our early life. We cannot prosper in this world if we cannot obey our superiors.                       

Introduction. India in the past, was always ruled by foreign powers. However, after getting independence in 1947, India struggled a lot to stand 00 its feet. As days passed, India emerged a strong nation. It always had  the feeling to become nuclear powered. Steps towards becoming N-powered. When the India-US civil nuclear cooperation agreement was being processed the main focus was Ml India liberating itself from the technology apartheid to which it had been subjected since its first Pokhran nuclear test in 1974. In the beginning (his technology was denied to India by the unconditional waiver  of the guidelines of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). Many countries did not   India to be N-powered. Australia was the first among them. In India too, the opposition parties made a hue and cry. They did not want the ruling party to sign the agreement as made by the NSGs. The Riling government was on the verge of collasping. But by the No-confident motion, the ruling party once again emerged victorious.  Signing of the Agreement. As days passed and with more negoations, most of the countries were in favour of India becoming N-powered. The signing of the India-US 123 Agreement into law by President Bush has opened the door for setting up US reactors also in India. In December, 2008, it is expected that during the visit of Russian President Medvedev, many new nuclear reactors will be set in different Indian states. Positive points of being N-powered. Once the expansion of civil nuclear power gets going, our Atomic Energy Act will need to be amended to permit the participation of private industry in the development of civil nuclear power. This will help the country in various ways. Electric supply n the country will increase and many villages, who do not have electricity, can benefit from this. The signing of the nuclear deal is a happy coincidence that as India's Ole as a significant player in global economy is being recognized. The country has gained the acceptance of International community as an advanced responsible nuclear power without being hampered by technology denied.

A snake is a crawling creature. It is a reptile. We are very familiar with snakes. People are very afraid of snakes because many of them are poisonous. However, all of them are not poisonous. Snakes crawl along the ground on their bellies and breasts. They live both on land and water. There are rough scales on the lower portion of their body. A snake looks like a rope and is of different sizes and colours. The boa and python are very big snakes. Snakes live in holes in the ground or tree-holes and in bushes. They feed on fishes, frogs, insects, rats and young birds. Poisonous snakes like the cobra are really very harmful to man. The bite of these snakes means certain death. Thousands of people die from snake bites every year in our country. When they bite, they inject poison through two hollow long teeth that rest on bags of poison in the mouth. Some poisonous snakes have hoods and they can make a hissing sound. Snake skins are very useful. They are used to make things like shoes, bags and belts. Many medicines are also made from the poison of the snakes. Generally, a snake is a shy animal, but it can bite if it feels threatened.                               

Books are a great source of knowledge to man. I am lover of books. I spend most of my spare time in reading. I like to read books on all branches of literature. But I love to read novels most of all. It helps me to learn new words and also help me to gain knowledge regarding the field of literature. I began to read novel at a very young age. I have read the novels written by R.K. Narayan, Mulkh Raj Anand, Khushwant Singh, Mrs. Nayantara Sehgal and Raja Rao. After reading books written by Indian writers in English, I have also read different English novelists like Henry Fielding, Oliver  Goldsmith, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Hardy and Somersat Maugham. I have also read a few American authors. I have found these writers interesting in their own way. It is difficult for me to point out the merits and demerits of these writers. But I must say that Thomas Hardy is the writer whom I like most. My youthful mind has turned again and again to the novels of Hardy. I started liking Thomas Hardy after reading his 'Tess'. I was all praise for the beautiful and innocent Tess who went through the difficulties of life in a heroic manner. After Tess, I read the 'Return of the Native'. This was followed by "Far from the Madding Crowd". 'The Mayor of Caster bridge' and 'Judge the Obscure'. Hardy impressed me much. He has given me unforgettable characters. I felt interested in Hardy because of man's love for woman and woman's love for man. I also learnt from Hardy's novel that happiness in human life is very rare. I also learnt that man is a tool in the hands of fate. There is some unseen power which is always working to destroy human happiness. Nature also plays a very important role in the novels of Hardy. There is no divine spirit in the objects of nature. His description of landscapes is very beautiful. His rustic characters provide some fun to the reader. On the whole. Hardy gives the impression of a great novelist.

Science has revolutionized our life. It has considerably altered the world by its wonderful discoveries and inventions. It has created mysteries. No aspect of our life remains untouched of science, whether at home or in school or in office. It is predominant in every walk of life. It has done not only concrete services to mankind but also filled us with wonder by making impossible things possible for us. Thus it is science which has make helpless man the king of the universe, removed the darkness of ignorance with light of knowledge and changed Our thorny life into the bed of roses. Science has been a potent factor to shape the history of man's civilization on earth. Our forefathers lived a nomadic life, and we are now living in the atomic age. This long leap from the jungle to the atomic civilization could be possible only through science. It is difficult to count the blessings of science. They are numerous. The TV. VCR. the fan, the bulb, the cooking gas, the maxi, juicier and grinder, the washing machine and many more are the great boons of science. The availability of these things has made our life very comfortable. In the field of transport and communication, science has rendered great service to mankind. Today we live in the age of aero planes, which are the quickest means of transport. Telephone, telegraphs and wireless are wonderful gifts of science. We can talk to our friends or relatives over a vast distance within a very short time. The plane takes us from one place to another so fast. We can take our breakfast in India, lunch in London and dinner in USA. The distance of months and years is covered in hours and days. In the field of industry and agriculture the service of science cannot be forgotten. If it had not invented tractors, industrial machines and new ways of production, a good portion of our increasing population would have died due to shortage  of food and preventive clothes against beating cold and heat. Here science looks like the savior of mankind. Science has given us life saving drugs. It is due to science that serious operations are possible. These are X-rays which help us to know the interior parts of the body. Many fatal diseases, which were considered incurable, now can be easily cured. Now people don't die of malaria, plague and TB. We have overcome these diseases with the help of science. In short we can say that science has given eyes to the blind, ears to the deaf and legs to the lame. It is said science in a good servant but a bad master. On one hand we have life-serving drugs and test-tube babies while on the other hand we have the devastating atom bomb. One symbolizes life and the other the doom. Hence there is a need of the hour to think over its needs and prospects for the 21st century. The risks of war have become so more...

An auto rickshaw is a form of transport which does not depend on human muscles yet is cheaper than a taxi, both to run and use. It consists essentially of a motorcycle engine mounted on a three-wheeled chassis, with space for passengers and a driver. Its single steering wheel is at the front, below the Windscreen, with the two driven wheels at the back. The passengers are well protected from the weather by a canvas hood. The driver sits in front with the engine beneath his seat. The passengers' compartment is at the back. (The life of an auto rickshaw driver is very hard. He has to bear hot winds during summer season. He has to face bone biting cold winds in the winter. Even rainy season too does not favour him. Sometimes he gets drenched and sometimes he has to face the muddy water forcing him to draw his autorickshaw on foot in water. Auto rickshaw drivers are commonly seen in big cities. They are found generally at bus stand and railway stations. In big cities they have their own stoppages according to the local facilities. Drivers are bound to have a license. Most of the auto rickshaw drivers provide their services during day time. But during night too some drivers are there to serve our purposes. Due to them, going from one place to another becomes very easy. They save our precious time also. And what is more, the fare which they charge generally remains within our reach. An auto rickshaw driver enjoys no holiday. He leads a very simple life. Even though he works beyond his capacity, still he does not earn much. It is because most of the auto rickshaw drivers don't have their own auto rickshaws. They have to work on contract basis with the vehicle's owners. As a result they are bound to pay their owners even if by any reasons they don't drive the auto rickshaw on a particular day.  This is the root cause of their misery. They cannot afford to teach their children in good schools. Our Government is kind enough to help these drivers for their upliftment. Banks are helping them in purchasing their own auto rickshaws on basis of easy installments. It is a good sign, because it will surely improve their condition. Then they will be in a situation to lead a little bit better life and also they will give good education to their children. Thus, auto rickshaw drivers are very helpful to us. They are generally meek and soft-spoken. They perform their duties honestly and demand the fare on the basis of metre or contract basis. They are reliable too. Once we sit in the auto rickshaw, we do not have to bother much. The driver will help us to reach our destination. But there are a few auto rickshaw drivers who try to cheat people, especially the new faces in the town. They overcharge them and thus make all efforts to gain through dishonesty. However, more...

India is a democratic nation whose strength lies in the quality of its citizens. To make our democracy continue to grow and flourish in the right direction, its citizens must be vigilant towards their votes. This vote is extremely very important because it determines the kind of government that comes in power. The electorate must remember that it is his/her duty towards the nation to vote wisely. He or she must exercise his or her right to vote without fear or favour to have a real democracy. The vote rightly cast can help in rooting out corruption from public life. The candidates elected must have charismatic personality, character and merit. But unfortunately our country lacks these types of leaders or politicians. At present it is facing political corruption as well as crime at every level. The leaders have become self-seeking. They have no moral, they have no honesty, they have no personality and finally they have no stability. The result is that our country is continuously going down. When such is the condition of the country, the responsibility of the voters becomes even more important. The candidates should be accountable. It is important for all of us to rise above the considerations of caste, creed, region and language. The citizens have to know what they should expect from their elected representations. If they feel their representatives may not prove themselves very fruitful, they have full right not to vote for them. No greed, temptation or threat should come in the. way of our conscience while voting. Each individual's vote is precious. Our country has an experience regarding the cost of one vote. B.J.P. Alliance Government' had to fall due to one vote. It was a tragic day for Mr. A.B. Vajpayee when his motion was rejected by 270 to 269 votes after two day debate. It is a little bit difficult to choose between a large number of people. This is the time that a citizen's sense of  commitment to the country's welfare and political awareness requires great importance. It is every voter's duty to make it his or her business to find out all about each candidate's record of achievement in public life, personal honesty and sense of  service. He or she should be able to judge which parties and their candidates are genuinely committed to working for the country's welfare and whether they have fulfilled earlier election promises or not. Once again, each vote is important and should only be cast after due consideration. Sometimes the voters get misled by the candidates. This is highly undemocratic and against the welfare of the country. In such circumstances, the voters should be strong enough not to be taken in by self-seeking candidates. They should be politically aware and should not cast their votes under anybody's influence. It is the high time for we, the citizens of the country to think over how our right to vote may be meaningful. Everything depends upon us. If we exercise this right in a more...

The market of my town is very important. There is no other place of grain market in the area having so much brisk business as this market. The market itself is in the centre of the town. All important bazaars of the town lead to this market. It has a square shape. There is an open ground in the middle of the shops. There are shops on the four sides of the big square. The main shopkeepers are regents. Their trade is chiefly export and import of grains. There are a few shops which meet needs of the people who visit the market for purchase   The crowd scene in the market is very interesting. It is a centre of attraction for both buyers and sellers. I always find a Dig crowd there Businessmen come from far and wide for purchasing or selling their produce. The market is always crowded with carts, horses, donkeys and camels. They come loaded with the produce of such as cotton, grain, oilseeds, grand vegetables. The merchants make their purchases moving in the groups. They bid in a particular fashion. They do some indications under the cloth to fix the rates of the commodities brought in the market for sale. The purchase of commodities takes place in the day. In the evening all commodities are packed in jute bags. They are sent back to places where they are in demand. The country carts, horses and donkeys go back with their masters to the villages. Nearly all the shops have telephones.  The shopkeepers get news about the rates of the markets through post and telephone. The market of my town is a very noisy place. Petty hawkers with namkins of various kinds go about the market. They sell their articles by shouting their names at the top of their voice. One can meet all sorts of people there. There is joy and laughter on all sides. Friends welcome one another. People discuss politics in the light of their business. The market of my town is different from old market. It is not dirty. It is swept cleaned every day. There is no mud and bad smell. In the centre of market there is a well. A trough is made near it. The animals drink water at the trough. There is a public bath for the labourers. In short our town market is worth a visit.  

In today's world which is constantly haunted with fear of war, every nation is spending billions in maintaining an army, in furnishing it with up-to-date weapons, and in producing highly powerful and destructive armaments such as Inter- continental ballistic Missiles (known as I.C.B.M.) and atom bombs. No nation, however, seems to feel safe, for other nations are also progressing fast in the race for armaments. Despite the end of Cold War, the world is still divided  into camps. Although the USA is the most powerful force in the world today, there are others like China, Iraq and Iran  which are manufacturing powerful weapons.  The United Nations, which was brought into existence on the ashes of the League of Nations, is seriously concerned with this problem. If by the slightest chance, any nation provokes another to war, there is no knowing what may happen  in the next few hours. Atom bomb and I.C.B.Ms may fly in all directions wreaking havoc on the whole world, affecting not only belligerent nations but also non-belligerent countries. That is why disarmament is talked of. Mutual suspicion clouds the  vision of the powerful nations. Though they are aware of the annihilating effects of a war, they are nevertheless nowhere near reaching an agreed and practical solution. The Third World is doing its best to bring about an agreement on disarmament and a bar on the manufacture and test of atom bombs, but the big countries are not in a mood to listen. vision of the powerful nations. Though they are aware of the annihilating effects of a war, they are nevertheless nowhere near reaching an agreed and practical solution. The Third World is doing its best to bring about an agreement on disarmament and a bar on the manufacture and test of atom bombs, but the big countries are not in a mood to listen.