Current Affairs 4th Class

       Product and Raw Material   In this type of question, words are related to each other as an object and the product made from that particular object. For example: 1. Butter: Milk                                     9.   Rubber: Latex 2. Jaggery : Sugarcane                10. Prism : Glass 3. Omelette : Egg                             11. Fabric : yarn 4. Wine : Grapes                               12. Cloth : Fibre 5. Furniture: Wood                          13 Road : Asphalt 6. Shoes : Leather                            14. Book : Paper 7. Pullover: Wool                              15. Sack : Jute 8. Metal: Ore                                       16. Wall : Brick          Analysis

•   Paper: Pulp; Paper is made of pulp.
•   Oil : Seed; Oil is made of seed.
•   Linen :Fibre; Linen is made of Fibre.
•   Jewellery : Gold; Jewellery is made of Gold.      

            Curd (A) Ghee                                                             (B) Bread (C) Gold                                                               (D) Milk (E) Flax     Answer: (D) Explanation: Curd is made from milk.         Bread (A) Ghee                                                             (B) wheat (C) Gold                                                               (D) Milk (E) Flax     Answer: (b) Explanation: Bread is made of wheat.  

     Building and Monuments   In this type of questions words are related to each other in building and monument as belong to a particular place. For example: 1. TajMahal : Agra                                            2.   Red Fort: Delhi 3. QutabMinar: Delhi                                      4.   Santiniketan : Kolkata 5. India Gate : Delhi                                         6.  Gatewayof India : Mumbai 7. Taj Hotel: Mumbai                                      8.  Jama Masjid : Delhi 9. Char Minar: Hyderabad                            10. Agra Fort: Agra 11. GolGhar: Patna                                          12. Eiffel Tower : Paris 13. White House : WASHINGTON DC       14. RashtrapatiBhavan : New Delhi          Analysis

• SanchiStup : Madhya Pradesh; Sanchi Stup is situated in Madhya Pradesh.
• Ashok Pillar: Sarnath; Ashok Pillar is situated in Uttar Pradesh.
• Nalanda University : Bihar; Nalanda University is situated in Bihar.
• Hawa Mahal : Rajasthan; Hawa Mahal is situated in Rajasthan.  

            Fatehpur Sikri (A) Delhi                                                              (B) Jaipur (C) Hyderabad                                                   (D) Agra (E) Nalanda     Answer: (d) Explanation : Fatehpur Sikri is situated in Agra.         Gol Gumbad (A) Agra                                                               (B) Hyderabad (C) Delhi                                                               (D) Nalanda (E) Bijapur     Answer: (E) Explanation : Gol Gumbad is situated in Bijapur.  

     Expertise   In this type of questions, words are related to each other in expertise. For example:

•   Carpenter: Saw
•   Woodcutter: Axe
•   Tailor: Needle
•   Labourer: Spade
•   Soldier: Gun
•   Sculptor: Chisel
•   Mason: Plumbline
•   Chef: Knife  

       Analysis

•   Warrior: Sword; Sword is used by warrior.
•   Gardener: Harrow; Harrow is used by gardener.
•   Surgeon : Scalpel; Scalpel is used by Surgeon.
•   Author : Pen; Pen is used by Author for writing      

          Farmer (A) Pen                                                                 (B) Scalpel (C) Harrow                                                          (D) Plough (E) Sword     Answer: (d) Explanation: Plough is used by Farmer.         Doctor (A) Pen                                                                 (B) Scalpel (C) Harrow                                          (D) Plough (E) Stethoscope     Answer: (e) Explanation: Stethoscope is used by Doctor.  

     Function   In this type of questions, words are related to each other in function. For example: 1. Shield : Guard                               2. Sword : Slaughter 3. Mattock: Dig                                  4. Filter: Purify 5. Steering: Drive                             6. Pen : Write 7. Spanner: Grip                               8. Spoon: Feed 9. Microscope : Magnify                10. Spade : Dig 11. Shovel: Scoop                             12. Chisel : Carve 13. Oar: Row           Analysis

•   Needle : Sewing; A needle is used for sewing.
•   Loudspeaker: Amplifying sound; Loudspeaker is used for amplifying the quality of sound.
•   Gun: Shooting; Gun is used for shooting.
•   Knife: Cutting; A knife is used for cutting.  

          Axe (A) Grind                                                             (B) Cutting (C) Shooting                                      (D) Sewing (E) Amplify     Answer: (b) Explanation: Axe is used for cutting.         Auger (A) Grind                                                             (B) Cutting (C) Bore                                                               (D) Shooting (E) Grind     Answer: (c) Explanation: Auger is used for boring.  

     Relation   In this type of questions, words are related to each other in relation. For example:

•   Horse: Pony
•   Hen : Chicken
•   Sheep: Lamb
•   Butterfly : Caterpillar
•   Insect: Larva
•   Dog: Pony  

       Analysis  

•   Man : Child; Child is the young one of man.
•   Duck : Duckling; Duckling is the young one of duck.
•   Lion : Cub; Cub is the young one of lion.
•   'Hen : Chicken; Chicken is the young one of Hen.  

          Cow (A) Calf                                                                 (B) Lamb (C) Cub                                                                 (D) Child (E) Larva     Answer: (a) Explanation: Calf is the young one of cow.         Cat (A) Cub                                                                 (B) Lamb (C) Kitten                                             (D) Child (E) Larva     Answer: (C) Explanation: kitten is the young one of cat.  

     Quality   In this type of questions, words are related to each other on the basis of their quality. For example, 1. Farmer: Crop                                 7.  Cobbler: Shoes 2. Hunter: Prey                                   8.  Poet.-Poem 3. Carpenter: Furniture                 9.  Dramatist: Play Ballet 4. Author: Book                                10. Architect: Design 5. Goldsmith: Ornaments             11. Chef: Food 6. Butcher: Meat                              12. Producer: Film                                                                 13. Choreographer            Analysis

•  Producer: Film:  Producer produces the film.
•  Judge: Judgement: Judge judges the judgment.
•  Teacher: Teaching; Teacher teaches the student.
•  Editor: Editing; Editor edits the newspaper.  

          Mason (A) Wall                                                                (B) Education (C) Newspaper                                                 (D) Play (E) Clothes     Answer: (a) Explanation: Mason builds a wall.         Tailor (A) Wall                                                                (B) Clothes (C) Newspaper                                                 (D) Play (E) Education     Answer: (b) Explanation: Tailor stitches the clothes.  

     Dwelling Place   In this type of questions, words are related to each other as per their dwelling. For examples:

  Bird : Nest

  Cattle : Barn, shed

  Dog : Kennel

  Chicken : Coop

  Pig : Sty

  Sheep: Fold

  Spider:Web

  Squirrel: Drey  

       Analysis

•   Rabbit: Burrow; Rabbit lives in burrow.
•   Dog: Kennel; Dog lives in Kennel.
•   Horse: Stable; Horse lives in Stable.
•   Tiger: Lair; Tiger lives in lair.  

          Fish: ? (A) Stable                                            (B) Den (C) Aquarium                                                     (D) Aviary (E) Kennel     Answer: (c) Explanation: Fish lives in Aquarium.       Monk: ? (A) Monastery                                                  (B) Den (C) Aquarium                                                     (D) Aviary (E) Kennel     Answer: (a) Explanation: Monk lives in Monastery.    

     Profession   In this type of questions, two words are given. These words are related to each other in profession. Below given are the examples of analogy based on' profession'. 1. Farmer: Field                                 12. Teacher: School 2. Warrior: Battlefield                     13. Doctor: Hospital 3.  Engineer: Site                              14. Clerk : Office 4. Sailor: Ship                                      15. Servant: House 5.  Pilot: Cockpit                                16. Driver: Cabin 6. Beautician : Parlour                    17. Grocer: Shop 7. Artist: Theatre                              18. Painter: Gallery 8. Actor: Stage                                   19. Waiter: Restaurant 9. Medicine : Garage                      20. Worker: Factory 10. Lawyer: Court                             21. Umpire : Pitch 11. Scientist: Laboratory                22. Gambler: Casino            Analysis  

•  Chef: Kitchen; Chef works in a kitchen.
•  Farmer: Field; Farmer works infield.
•  Warrior: Battlefield; Warrior fights in battlefield.
•  Engineer: Ship; Engineer works on the ship.  

          Doctor is related to Patient in the same way Lawyer is related to? (A) Customer                                    (B) Accused (C) Magistrate                                                   (D) Client (E) Doctor     Answer: (d) Explanation: Lawyer is related to Client.         Chef is related to Restaurant in the same way Druggist is related to _______? (A) Medicine                                     (B) Pharmacy (C) Store                                                              (D) Chemist (E) Restaurant     Answer: (a) Explanation: Druggist is related to Medicine.  

     Introduction   Analogy means 'Co-relation'. In other word, it is the way of establishing relation between two different objects, on the basis of some common features. Analogy may be of different types, which are discussed in this chapter.  

     Practice Exercise               Passage - 1   Comprising over 70% of the Earth's surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly invaluable compound comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on the Earth would be non- existent. It is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Although we as humans recognize this fact, we disregard it by polluting our rivers, lakes and oceans. Subsequently, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at a very alarming rate. In addition to innocent organisms dying off, our drinking water has become greatly affected as is our ability to use water for recreational purposes. In order to combat water pollution, we must understand the problems and become part of the solution.             Water is made up of? (A) Hydrogen                                     (B) Oxygen (C) Carbon                                                          (D) Hydrogen and oxygen (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation: Water is made up of Oxygen and Hydrogen.         Who is responsible for polluting water bodies? (A) Human                                                          (B) Animal (C) Nature                                                           (D) None of these     Answer: (A) Explanation: Human beings are responsible for polluting water bodies.         Why aquatic animals are dying? (A) Because of life cycle                                (B) Because of pollution (C) Because of nature                                    (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (B) Explanation: Aquatic animals are dying because of pollution.         How can we collectively prevent the water pollution? (A) By fencing the water bodies                                (B) By cleaning the air (C) By becoming part of the solution       (D) By publishing advertisements in newspapers (E) None of these     Answer: (c) Explanation: We can prevent the water pollution collectively by being a part of the solution.             Passage - 2   Soil pollution comprises the pollution of soils with materials, mostly chemicals that are out of place or are present at concentrations higher than normal which may have adverse effects on humans or other organisms. It is difficult to define soil pollution exactly because different opinions exist on how to characterize a pollutant; while some consider the use of pesticides acceptable if their effect does not exceed the intended result, others do not consider any use of pesticides or even chemical fertilizers acceptable. However, soil pollution is also caused by means other than the direct addition of xenobiotic (man-made) chemicals such as agricultural runoff waters, industrial waste materials, acidic precipitates, and radioactive fallout.         more...