# Current Affairs 4th Class

#### Ranking Test

Type I Identify the position of an object/ a person from left end or right end and rank from top or from bottom. If end positions are not marked then it is taken defaultly (positions from your side) as left position or right position.        Type II In this type, questions could be asked by interchanging positions of two persons.                                                            Type III Identify the position or rank of an object or person with respect to the position or rank of other person.   Type IV Identify the position or rank of an object or a person after removing some objects from the series.       EXAMPLE   1.     Direction (I - III): Observe the figure given below and answer the following question.   I. _______________ is third to the left of w.    (a) T                            (b) S                            (c) U                            (d) V   Explanation (a): T Is third to the left of w.   II. _____________ is fourth to the right of fifth flower from left end.   (a) X                            (b) Q                          (c) R                            (d) S             Explanation (a): Left end                       Fifth flower left end is T and fourth flower to the right of T is X.   III. If T is removed from the series, then the flower more...

#### Mirror Image

Mirror Image: In a plane mirror if someone lifts his left hand, the image in the mirror shows right hand and vice-versa. When mirror is placed vertically left or right: Mirror image of a letter, number are same either mirror is placed vertically left or vertically right.   Mirror image of capital and small letters   Mirror image of numbers 0 to 9     EXAMPLE   1.    Find the mirror image of figure (X), if mirror is placed vertically to the right.   (a)                                 (b)                     (c)                                  (d)   Explanation (b):       2.    Find the mirror image of given below combination of letters.   (a)                               (b)                   (c)                               (d)   Explanation (d):

#### Geometrical Shapes and Solids

How to identify the figure of largest perimeter? If after observation, we get that length does not changes but width changes then figure having largest width have largest perimeter. In curved images, figure which has maximum curves have largest length.   How to identify the symmetrical figure? If a line divides any figure in identical parts, then figure is symmetrical and line is called line of symmetry.   How to count the geometrical shapes? Identify the shapes and solids by their names and images to count in the figure.   How to identify the net of a cube?       It should have 6 faces and when folded, it forms a box.              EXAMPLE   1.     Is the dotted line in the figure below a line of symmetry? (a) Yes                                     (b) No                          (c) can't say                 (d) None of these   Explanation (b):   2.     How many horizontal lines are there in the given letter?   (a) 4                             (b) 6                             (c) 8                             (d) 10   Explanation (c):      Figure is symmetrical about the dotted line. Number of horizontal lines on the left of dotted line are AB, CD, EF, GH that is 4. Therefore total number of horizontal lines = 8   3.     How many letters given below have at more...

#### Embedded Figures

A figure (X) is said to be embedded in a figure (Y), if figure (Y) contains figure (X) as its part.                                                                                  Type I: Identify the small part hidden in given figure.               In such type of problems, a figure (X) is given, followed by four parts, such that one of them is embedded in figure (X). Candidate has to identify such part.                                                          Type II: Identify the figure in which given part is hidden.          In such type of problems, a figure (X) is given followed by four complex figures in such a way that figure (X) is embedded in one and only one of them. The candidate has to select such figure in which figure (X) is embedded.     EXAMPLE   1.         Find the figure in which figure (X) is exactly embedded as one of its part.              (a)                 (b)                  (c)                  (d) Explanation (a):      2.         Identify the figure in which figure (X) is exactly embedded as one of its part.               (a)                 (b)                   (c)                   (d) Explanation (c):

#### Direction Sense Test

Directions   Clockwise turn: When somebody moves in direction which is same as the moving direction of clock hands is called clockwise turn.     Anticlockwise turn: Moving in the opposite direction as the clockwise direction is called anticlockwise direction.     EXAMPLE   1.         Fatimah is facing the house. She makes a turn to the right. Where will she be facing now? (a) School                      (b) House                       (c) Community centre                  (d) Field Explanation: (d) In first  turn Fatimah will face community centre, in second  turn, she will be facing school, in third turn, she will be facing field.       2.         An ant started from a certain point It took the following route and finally found its way back home. It walked 30 m west, 20 m north, 20 m east, 10 m north, 40 m west and 40 m south. At what position did the ant start from? (a) L                             (b) M                             (c) K                              (d) H   Explanation: (d)

#### Days and Dates & Possible Combinations

Possible Combinations
• How to make possible combinations/pairs of 1 - 1 objects from given $m-n$ objects?
•  If $m=n,$ then number of possible (1 - 1) combinations of (m - n) objects are$m\times m$.
•  If $m~\cancel{=}\,n,$then number of possible (1 - 1) combinations of (m - n) objects are$m~\times \,n$.
Days and Dates
• How to find the days required in question?
• We have to first naming what is today, yesterday and tomorrow.
• 8th day from today is again that day.
EXAMPLE   1.         If tomorrow will be Tuesday, then what was day before yesterday?              (a) Sunday                                             (b) Saturday                                 (c) Monday                                            (d) Friday   Explanation: (b)
 Day before yesterday Yesterday Today Tomorrow Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday

#### Analogy and classification

Analogy In this topic, two pair of figures is given on either side of: There is a certain relationship between each pair. The student has to identify the relation and find the missing figure.                           Classification How to classify or find the odd figure/different figure/similar figure amongst the others?                                               Observe the figures in questions on the basis of their shapes, size, shadings, their parts, their mirror images, number of sides, curved and straight characteristics etc., to find the odd figure, different figure and similar figure amongst the given figures.              EXAMPLE   1.         There is a certain relationship between pair of figures (i) and (ii) & (iii) and (iv). Identify the relationship and find the missing figure.                             (a)                  (b)                   (c)                (d)   Explanation (a): The number of elements in figure (i) is 5 while in figure (ii) it is 4. i.e., one element is removed from figure (i) to figure (ii).The same relation is found between figure (iii) and answer figure (a).     2.         Find the odd one out.               (a)                 (b)                 (c)                 (d)   Explanation (b): Number inside the figure is twice the number of sides of the figure.

#### Practice Exercise

Practice Exercise         This is our pet. This pet is ours.   Answer: Ours         This car is belonging to me. This car is mine.   Answer: Mine         This is your book. This book is Yours   Answer: Yours       This is my painting. This is mine   Answer: Mine                  Fill in the blanks with the possessive form of the noun given in the bracket.       My car is parked in the garage. (brother) (A) Brother's                                                      (B) Brothers (C) Brother                                                         (D) The brother (E) A brother        Answer: (A) Explanation: My brother's car is parked in the garage.         The toys that were stolen were. (A) Him                                                                 (B) Her (C) Yours                                                              (D) My (E) None of these   Answer: (c) Explanation: The toys that were stolen were yours.
• A possession indicates the ownership or relationship.
• Apostrophe ( ' ) is used to show possession.
• Pronouns which are used to replace a noun and to show an ownership or possession is called possessive pronoun.
• We never use apostrophes in possessive pronoun.

#### Possession In Case of Pronoun

Possession In Case of Pronoun   Pronouns which are used to replace a noun and to show an ownership or possession is called possessive pronoun.
•  That is my car.
•  That car is mine.
•  This is my room.
•  This room is mine.
Analysis In sentence 1, mine shows possession and we know that mine is a pronoun. So, it is called a possessive pronoun.          NOTE: We never use apostrophes in possessive pronoun.           The table given below shows a list of possessive pronoun
 Singular Plural First person mine ours Second person yours Yours Third person his, her, its theirs
Of these, mine, ours, yours and theirs are of common gender, that is, they can be used both for males and females. His is masculine; hers is feminine, and its is used for lifeless things and animals. Its is not used usually.

#### Possession in Case of Noun

Possession in Case of Noun
• When the noun is singular, possession is shown by adding's to the noun.
• When the noun is plural and does not end in s, possession is shown by adding's.
• When the noun is plural and ends in s, possession is shown by adding an apostrophe at the end.

 (A)          (B)          (C)          (D) Singular Nouns The passenger Mr. john The ticket of the passenger The pen of miss eva Plural Nouns The soldiers The birds The guns of the soldiers The nest of the birds Plural nouns not ending in - s Children The women The books for children The purses of the women Non - living objects The chair's legs. The coat's pocket Add - 's The passenger's   Mr. John's The passenger's ticket Miss Eva's pen Add - ' (only' , not's ) The soldiers The birds' The soldier's guns The birds' nest. Add - 's Children's The women's The children's books The women's purses Means The legs of the chair The pockets of the coat

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