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Current Affairs 2nd Class

Housing and their Surroundings

HOUSING AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS     FUNDAMENTAL
  • A house is a place where we live with our family. It protects us from the Sun, wind, rain, animals etc.
  • There are many kinds of houses e.g. permanent or pucca house, kuccha houses, huts, tents, caravan, house boat and igloos etc.
  • Permanent houses are built of bricks and cement. They last for a long time.
  • Kutcha houses are small and are made of mud and straw.
 
  • Huts are temporary houses made of wood, bamboo leaves etc.
  • Caravans are houses on wheels. These are also called mobile homes.
  • Igloos are houses made by Eskimos with solid ice cubes in semicircular shape. The) have semi- circular roofs.
  • People living in plains usually make houses with flat roofs. People living in mountains build houses of wood with sloping roofs.
  • Sloping roofs are built in the areas where it rains a lot
  • A good house should be clean, airy and have proper ventilators - sunlight and ‘fresh ail keeps the room dry and free from germs.
  • Proper drainage system should be there to take away dirty waters, kitchens should have chimneys. Dustbins should be kept for garbage (waste).
  • We should keep the surroundings clean. Water should not stagnate here and there as mosquitoes may breed.
 
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Our Universe

OUR UNIVERSE   Related image   FUNDAMENTAL
  • The sun and the planets form the solar system. The sun is exactly at the center of our solar system and planets revolve all around the sun. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
  • All the planets move around the Sun in fixed paths called orbits.
  • Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called inner planets because they are close to the Sun. They are made of hard rock.
  • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called outer planets as they are far away from the Sun. They are also known as gas giants.
  • The movement of the earth about its axis is called rotation. It takes 24 hrs. to rotate once.
  • The movement of the earth around the Sun in an orbit is called revolution. It takes about 365 days for the earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.
  • Revolution of the earth causes changes in seasons.
  • Moon is the earth’s natural satellite.
  • Changes in the shape of the moon are called phases of the moon such as new moon, crescent moon, half moon, gibbous moon.
  • The moon is made up of rocks and dust. There is no air on the moon. So, there is no life on the moon.
  • Neil Armstrong was the first man to land on the moon in 1969.
  • Shadow is formed when light is not able to pass through an opaque object. The Sun casts long shadows in the morning and evening, as the Sun is at the lowest in the sky. The Sun casts the shortest shadow at midday, when the Sun is highest in the sky.
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Our Food and Clothes

OUR FOOD AND CLOTHES     FUNDAMENTAL
  • The basic requirements of human beings are food and clothes. Food gives energy to do work. Clothes protect us from heat, dust and cold.
  • We eat different foods such as fruits, vegetables, meat, pulses, egg, meat, cereals etc.
  • We obtain the food item from two sources------ plants and animals. Both plants are animals are useful to us as they provide many food items. Some of the food items are listed below:
              
From Plants and Vegetables From Animals
Fruits Meat
Cereals Egg
Pulses Honey
Oils  
Spices more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Meet Me and My Family

Meet Me and My Family   Interesting Facts
  •           Family members play a huge role in shaping one?s personality.
  •           Families give you have a healthy sense of competition.
    Meet my grandparents   My father's parents are my Paternal Grandparents. My mother's parents are my Maternal Grandparents. What do you call your grandparents? I call my father's parents dadoji and dadiji. I call my mother's parents nanaji and naniji. My paternal grandparents live with my uncle's family. My uncle is my father's brother. I call him chachaji. His wife is my aunt. I call her chachiji. I am their niece. My brother Rahul is their nephew. My uncle's son is my cousin. My uncle's family is a big family. It is called a joint family. My mother's brother is also my uncle. He is my maternal uncle. I call him mamaji. His wife is my aunt and I call her mamiji. Their son is also my cousin.   Do You Known?
  •          Family tree is a chart showing relationship between the people of a family.
  MY SURNAME The last name of a person is his surname. Your name has two parts- first part is your name and second part is your surname. All the members of a family have a common surname.   WE LEARN FROM OUR FAMILY Our family gives us love and care. We learn many things from our family.
  •           We learn honesty and kindness from our elders.
  •           We learn hard work from our father.
  • more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Our Neighbourhood

Our Neighbourhood   Interesting Facts
  •          Army man are our brave helpers. They protect our country. 
  There are many helpers in our neighbourhood. Let us- know about them.             HELPERS A helper is a person who helps someone else. There are different people who do different works to help us in our daily life. They are called community helpers.   1.            Postman: Delivers our letters and parcels to the person whom we wish to send the same.   2.            Doctor: Looks after us when we are sick.   3.            Garbage cleaner: Removes garbage from the area surrounding our house   4.            Fireman: Puts out fire to save us from getting burnt.   Remember
  •         Helpers who come in our contact and we talk to them for our needs are called direct helpers. Eg.: Doctor, Barber, Lawyers, Carpenter, etc.
  •          Helpers who do not come directly in our contact are indirect helpers Eg. Soldiers, police, etc.         
  5.            Grocer: A grocer sells food and other things that are used at home.   6.            Mechanic: A mechanic repairs our vehicles.   7.            Potter: A potter makes clay pots for us.     8.            Astronaut: An Astronaut goes to space or travels in space.   9. more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Our Body

Our Body   Interesting Facts
  •         The smallest bone in the human body in ear whereas the largest bone is in leg.
  •         Your mouth produces about one liter of saliva each day.
  •         Human teeth are just as strong as shark?s teeth.  
  In the previous class, you have learnt about the sense organs. Let us study them in detail.   1.            EYES Eyes are the sense organs of the human body. They are located on the head. Every human being has 2 eyes. We see different things around us with the help of our eyes. Without eyes we cannot see anything.   2.            EARS Ears are the sense organs of the human body. They are located on each side of the head part of the body. Every human being has 2 ears. We can hear different types of sounds with the help of ears. Without ears, we cannot hear anything.   3.            NOSE Nose is a sense organ. It is also located on the head part of the body. Nose helps us to breathe and smell. Every human being has one nose.   4.            TONGUE Tongue is the sense organ of the human body. It is present inside the mouth. Every human being has one tongue. Tongue helps us to taste different food items.   5.            SKIN Skin is the sense organ of the human body. Skin is present all over the body. It protects us from the external environment and germs. Skin gives us the sense of touch.   ORGAN SYSTEM Our body is made up of cells which combine together to form tissues. Tissues join to form organs. Organs do not more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Know About Plants

Know About Plants   Interesting Facts
  •         A banyan tree has a root system that is underground but it also has roots that start in its branches and grow down towards the ground.
  •          Red mangrove trees can survive in salt water.
  Plants are living organisms and provide us with food materials, wood, etc. They have many parts such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc.   PARTS OF A PLANT     1.            Root It is that part of the plant that develops inside the soil. Roots absorb water and minerals from soil and send them to the other parts of plants through stem.   2.            Stem Stem gives support to upper part of the plant. Water and dissolved nutrients from the soil travel up through stems. Food from leaves come down to roots by stems.   3.            Leaves Leaves of different plants can have different shapes and sizes. Generally they are green in colour. In this part of the plant, food is produced with the help of sunlight. We eat leaves of many plants. For example: cabbage, spinach, etc.   4.            Flowers They are the most colourful and beautiful part of a plant that produces fruit. Flowers attract humans and insects because of their fragrance. They are the reproductive parts of the plants. For example: Rose, Sunflower, etc.   5.            Fruits They come out from flowers. They are the edible part of plants. We eat fruits like Apple, Banana, Orange, Grapes, etc.   6.            Seeds It is the part of plant from which a baby plant grows.  Seed contains food.   TYPES OF PLANTS   1.            Herbs These are the small plants with soft stem. They have medicinal value as well. For example; Mint, Tulsi. more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Know About Animals

Know About Animal   Interesting Facts
  •           Blue Whale is the largest animal in the world.
  •           Horses and cows sleep while standing.
  •           Female lions do most of the hunting.
  •           Dolphins   are   intelligent animals.
  When we look at our surroundings, we discover different kinds of animals. Animals are found all over the world.   TYPES OF ANIMALS   1.            Wild Animals: Animals that live in jungles are called wild animals. They wander freely in jungles. You can also see some wild animals in the zoo. Wild animals are ferocious and dangerous so they cannot live with us. The examples include tiger, lions, fox, bear, rhinoceroses, etc.   2.            Domestic Animals: Have you ever seen these small animals in your home, garden or at park? What are these animals called?   Interesting Facts
  •          Cats are one of the most popular pets in the world.
  •          Cats use their whiskers to check whether a space is too small for them to fit through or not.
  •          Goats are great companions for other farm animals.
  •             A dog's sense of smell is 1000 times greater than a human.
  Animals that live with us are called domestic animals. more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Transport and Communication

Transport and Communication Interesting Facts
  •            Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is considered less harmful for the environment.  
MEANS OF TRANSPORT Means of transport help us to move from one place to another. There are three means of transport. (A) Land Transport Vehicles such as cycles, rickshaws, scooters, motorcycles, cars, trucks, trains, etc. move on land only. These are known as land transport. Land transport are used to move g from one place to another or even from one city to another.   (B) Water Transport Vehicles such as boat, ships, steamer, submarine, yatch, of etc. can move in water only. These are known as water transport.   (C) Air Transport Vehicles such as aeroplane, helicopter, jet planes, etc., can move in air only. These are known as air transport. Air transport is the fastest means of transport. They cover long distances in short time. This mode of transport is most expensive.   Do you know?
  •              Dr. Martin Cooper invented the first mobile phone on 3rd April, 1973.
 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION Do you feel happy when you receive a card or an e-mail wishing you 'Happy birthday'? Communication means sending or receiving messages. There are many ways by which we can communicate with people living in other places. (A) By Post A letter is a popular means of communication. We can buy inland letters and postcards from a post office. We can write our messages in them and then drop them in the post box. They reach our friends and relatives in a few days. Letter is the cheapest means of transport. Urgent letters can be sent through speed post or by courier. (B) Telephone Service The telephone is the fastest means of communication. We use a telephone to talk to our friends living within the city, in other cities and even in other countries. These days mobile phones are very popular. They are also used to send text messages and pictures. The fax is used to send a written message, a letter or a photograph to someone instantly. (C) Computers more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

Notes - Science and Technology

Science and Technology Interesting Facts
  •          The first successful laptop computer was introduced in 1983.                 
  •          Charles Babbage is known as the "Father of Computer.
 GADGETS WE USE  1.            Television: It is used to watch television shows and programs to boost knowledge and improve character. 2.            Air conditioner: Air conditioner is used to produce cool ventilation inside the buildings. 3.            Computers: Computers in homes is used to listen music, reading the news and writing. 4.            Mobile phones: Mobile phones are used for voice and simple text messaging services. 5.            Refrigerator: Refrigerator is used to keep food cool so that they stay fresh longer.   6.            Microwave oven: It is an electric oven that heats and cools food and also used for heating in many industrial processes.   7.            Vacuum cleaner: Vacuum cleaner is used to suck up dust and dirt. 8.            Washing machine: It is a device used to wash laundry. Do you know?
  •          Refrigerator spends around 10% of total electricity in common household.
  •          Microwave ovens are one of the most popular kitchen appliances in the world.
Interesting Facts
  • more...
Catgeory: 2nd Class

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