3rd Class

The Earth and the Moon    

We all live on the Earth. Earth is a big, round and slightly flattened at the poles. Our Earth consists of three things: land, water and air.

 

During eclipse, Earth casts round shadow on the Moon. If we observe ship sailing away from us, the hull disappears first, then the top of the mast. These two things tell us that the Earth is round in shape.

 

There are nine planets revolving around the sun in the order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Planets do not glow on their own but stars like sun glow. The Earth is about 150 million kilometres away from the Sun.

 

The Earth has two types of movements: rotation and revolution.

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Our Body  

Our body is like a living machine which can see, hear, smell, taste, move, grow, breathe and reproduce.

 

Our body is made up of many different parts called organs. Each organ has its own role to play.

 

The organs which help us to feel or sense the things around us are called sense organs. We have five sense organs: eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. These organs help us to see, hear, smell, taste and feel.

 

Sense organs take messages from the outside world and send them to the brain through nerves. After receiving the messages from the sense organs, the brain passes orders to the different organs of the body. Then the body works according to the orders.

 

The eyes help us to see the objects. We can more...

Safety and First Aid      

To prevent accidents and injuries, we should follow certain rules. These are called safety rules.

 

Safety rules at home :

We should use sharp-edged things like blades, scissors and knives very carefully. We should not leave bags and shoes on the floor. We should not play with fire and electrical appliances.  

We should not touch electric wires. We should not take medicines without consulting elders and doctors. We should fly kites in the parks or open grounds but not on the terrace.

 

Safety rules in the classroom :

We should not jump on the desks or benches and should not throw chalk pieces or dusters. We should use pencil sharpeners and not more...

A Good House and Surroundings      

A good house should be clean and airy with windows and ventilators. Sunlight and fresh air keep the rooms dry and free from germs. A good house should have separate place for eating, sleeping, studying, cooking, washing and storage.

 

A good house should have an open space for sitting out and for the children to play. It should have bolts on the doors and windows and locks on the cupboards.

 

A good house should have proper drains to take away dirty water from the kitchen and bathrooms. It should have proper chimneys to let the smoke out.

 

To keep our houses clean, we should keep our surroundings also clean. If our surroundings have more...

Our Clothes      

Long long ago people wore animal skins for clothes. Today we wear clothes made of cotton, silk, wool, nylon. Clothes are of different types and made in different ways.

 

The cotton plants have fruits or cotton bolls which burst open. The fluffy cotton inside these bolls is picked out. It has thin threads or fibres in it. They are twisted together or spun to make long threads.

 

These cotton threads are woven together to make cloth. The weaving of the threads is done on a machine called loom. The people who weave clothes are called weavers. After weaving, the cloth may be colored or dyed.

 

Silk clothes are made from saliva of an insect called silkworm. more...

The story of Fire    

In the beginning, thousands of years ago man did not know how to control fire.

 

When forest fires happened, man may have ate roasted food and liked it. Since then he started roasting roots and animal food.

 

He kept on burning dried twigs since he did not know how to produce fire. Later, he came to know that fire can be produced by striking two stones.

 

Fire is used to cook food and many other activities such as melting metals.

 

Now we have kerosene stoves, matchsticks, wood, coal, petrol, LPG, etc., to produce fire. We use it as a means of energy.

 

We should not play with fire. We should always turn off the LPG cylinder when not in more...

Measurements    

Length is measured in metres. One metre is divided into 100 centimetre and one centimetre is divided into 10 millimetres.

 

Very long distances are measured in kilometres.

 

Ruler, metre rod and measuring tape are some devices used to measure length.

 

1 kilometre = 1000 metres

  1 metre = 100 centimetres   1 centimetre =10 millimetres  

Weight is measured in grams and kilograms.

 

Balance or weighing machine are used to easure weights.

 

1 kilogram = 1000 grams

1 gram = 100 milligrams.  

Time is measured in hours, minutes and seconds. Clocks and watches are used to measure time.

 

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds  

Temperature tells us how hot or cold a body is. more...

Means of Communications  

The developments in science and technology are shrinking the world in communication and transportation.

 

It took seven years of dedicated hard work to the Wright brothers, Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, to invent the aeroplane.

 

Nowadays, with the advanced aeroplanes we can travel thousands of kilometres in few hours.

 

People staying in different places can exchange information by writing letters.

 

Urgent messages can be passed through telegrams.

 

Parcels and documents can be sent from one place to another place through speed post and courier.

 

We can talk instantly with others through telephone. STD facility connects different telephones within our country and ISD connects telephones in different countries.

 

Mobile telephone or cellular phones can be carried along with the person.

 

Wireless communication system is useful more...

                                                                      Animal Kingdom     Land Animals Dog, cat, elephant, zebra, cow, etc. are the examples of land animals Animals that live on land are called land animals.   Characteristics of Land Animals Land animals have certain characteristics that distinguish them from other animals. They are as follows:   Land animals move or crawl Most of the land animals move or crawl in search of food and shelter. For example, lion, tiger, snake, etc. Kangaroo is an animal that hops.   Land animals do not make their own food Land animals depend on plants or other animals for their food. For example, cow eats grass, lion eats deer and deer again eats grass etc. This is like a chain that the plants and animals form.   Food Chain   Land animals take oxygen directly from air Land more...

                                                              Plants Kingdom   Plants are one of the most important living things that have made the life possible on Earth. They are the only source of life giving oxygen. Plants breathe in harmful carbon dioxide gas and breathe out oxygen.                                                                                                                                                        Tree Characteristics of Plants Plants Make their Own Food Green plants are autotrophs. They make their own food in the presence of carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Green plants have a pigment called chlorophyll that helps them to make food.   Plants have Roots and Shoots Root grows under the ground and shoot grows above the ground.   more...