FUNDAMENTALS
(A boy eats ice cream, animals eat grass and flesh of other animals, birds eat grains and insects etc.)
(ii) They can move, Human beings and animals move on their own, Plants cannot move but show movements.
Example: Human beings, animals, plants.
(iii) They can grow over a period of time.
(Infants grows into adult, kitten grow to become a cat.
(iv) They can breath
(v) They can reproduce
(vi) They grow old and die.
Air makes the life possible on earth. Not only have human beings, even plants and animals also needed air to live.
Water
Water is a liquid. It is colourless, tasteless, odourless and is very necessary for our life
We need water for:
(i) Drinking
(ii) Cleaning
(iii) Taking bath
(iv) Various household works
(v) Growing plants
(vi) Our factories and industries and for many more purposes.
Sources of Water
Rivers, lakes are the sources of pure water. Wells are the sources of ground water. Tap water that comes to our homes is collected from rivers but first purified in water plants and then supplied to us.
Seas and oceans are the big water bodies. But we cannot use this water for drinking because water of seas and oceans is very salty.
We should drink clean water. Because drinking unclean water may cause many diseases. 
A small family in which mother and father live with their children is known as a nuclear family. Again, in some families not only parents and children, but also their uncle, aunty their children along with grand parents live together. Such family is called a joint family.
All the members of a family generally have common surname. Brother of our father is known as paternal uncle. Brother of our mother is known as maternal uncle. Our uncle's children are our cousins. Our family is our first teacher,
A chart is given herewith to give you an idea of a family tree:
Structure of family tree
If you count yourself, your mother, father, your sister and brother as a family, then other peoples shown in the diagram are your relatives. Every member of a family, whether it is a small one or a large joint family, has a very important role to play and needed by all the other members. Similarly a family has important role in the area in which it stays and other families depend on it. These families, when taken together, form a society.
The members of a family have many things in common. They look similar, talk and behave in a similar way. Some members of a family are sometimes affectionately called by a short name, which is known as pet name or nick name.
Some families follow certain practices which may not be followed by other families. Such practices are called customs of the family. Our family and relatives are the important part of our life. They help us in our physical and mental development.
School
A place where we study and learn.
Hospital
A place where doctor treats us when we fall sick.
People who Help Us
Sweeper: He keeps our classroom and school campus clean and tidy.
Gate keeper: He takes care of the school gate and keep records of the people visiting our school.
Principal: Principal is the head of the school.
Librarian: He takes care of the library of our school.
Fish Dog Parrot
All pets need a place to live in.
Fishes are kept in an aquarium.
Rabbits live in a hutch.
A dog lives in a kennel.
more... 
Cross a road at zebra crossing always follow traffic rules
v
Throwing garbage in the dustbin Exercizing daily
Some Bad Habits
biting nails Fighting with other
Here number of pencils in each consecutive figures is increased by a gap of 1. It's a forth counting from 1 to 6.
Descending Order Pattern
It is the sequence of numbers from bigger to smaller. Let's see the following patterns of pencils shown below:
Here, number of pencils in each consecutive figures is decreased by a gap of 1. It's a back counting from 6 to 1.
Pattern Based on Rotation
Let us see another following patterns:
Here, each shape is rotated anti-clock wise direction in each next step. Or, we can say that each next figure is turned to its right.
Let's see another example:
H
Here, in each figure, the shaded part is turned anti-clock wise by one step.
Number Series
In the number series, numbers are arranged in a certain pattern. You have to find the missing number.
See the following example:
Example:
Find the missing number.
| 2 | 4 |
But today we wear clothes of various varieties and colours.
Clothes worn by male and female are different.
Male Wear
Our Body
Our body has many parts. We call these parts as organs. There are two types of organs in our body:
(i) External organs
(ii) Internal organs
External Organs and Their Functions
External organs are those parts of our body that we can see. For example, eyes, hands, fingers, nose, mouth, etc. Below given are the functions of some of the important external organs of our body.
