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Instrument Mechanical

Instrumentation engineering is the engineering specialization focused on the principle and operation of measuring instruments that are used in design and configuration of automated systems in electrical, pneumatic domains etc.
They typically work for industries with automated

Processes, such as chemical or manufacturing plants, with the goal of improving system productivity, reliability, safety, optimization, and stability.

To control the parameters in a process or in a particular system, devices such as microprocessors, microcontrollers or PLCs are used, but their ultimate aim is to control the parameters of a system.
Instrumentation engineering is loosely defined because the required tasks are very domain dependent. An expert the biomedical instrumentation of laboratory rats has very different concerns than the expert in rocket instrumentation. Common concerns of both are the selection of appropriate sensors based on size, weight, cost, reliability, accuracy, longevity, environmental robustness more...

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. It defines macroscopic variables, such as internal energy, entropy, and pressure that partly describe a body of matter or radiation.
It states that the behavior of those variables is subject to general constraints that are common to all materials, not the peculiar properties of particular materials. These general constraints are expressed in the four laws of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics describes the bulk behavior of the body, not the microscopic behaviors of the very large numbers of its microscopic constituents, such as molecules.
Its laws are explained by statistical mechanics, in terms of the microscopic constituents.
Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering.
Thermo-dynamics is the subject of the relation of heat to forces acting between contiguous parts of bodies, and the more...

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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is an engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.
In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine.
The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy. The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Etienne Lenoir around 1859.
The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine.

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Fluid Mechanics

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics which involves the study of fluids and the forces on them. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion.
It is branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field research with many problems that are partly or wholly unsolved.
Fluid mechanics can be mathematically complex, and can be solved by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modem discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach to solving fluid mechanics problems.
Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and more...

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Power Plant Engineering

Power engineering is a subfield of energy engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power and the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers.
Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power - the standard for large scale power transmission and distribution across the modem world \[-\,a\] significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks.
It was a subfield of electrical engineering before the emergence of energy engineering.
Electricity became a subject of scientific interest in the late 17th century with the work of William Gilbert.
Over the next two centuries a number of important
Discoveries were made including the incandescent more...

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Turbomachinery

Turbo machinery, in mechanical engineering, describes machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid, including both turbines and compressors.
While a turbine transfers energy from a fluid to a rotor, a compressor transfers energy from a rotor to a fluid. The two types of machines are governed by the same basic relationships including Newton's second Law of Motion and equation for compressible fluids.
Centrifugal pumps are also turbo machines that transfer energy from a rotor to a fluid, usually a liquid, while turbines and compressors usually work with a gas.
In general, the two kinds of turbo machines encountered in practice are open and closed turbo machines.
Open machines such as propellers, windmills, and enshrouded fans act on an infinite extent of fluid, whereas, closed machines operate on a finite quantity of fluid more...

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Engineering Mechanics

Engineering mechanics is the application of mechanics to solve problems involving common engineering elements.
The goal of this Engineering Mechanics course is to expose students to problems in mechanics as applied to plausibly real-world scenarios.
Dynamics all which are all highly applicable in engineering. But the most important part of them is statics (study of body at rest) which is not only a base for all others, but also have the highest engineering application.
Physics also involve optics, waves, quantum, and relativity theory, which have no fundamental engineering application yet.
Forces act along the members, and there are no shear forces or moments. A truss is therefore defined as a system composed entirely of two-force members, which only carry axial loads.
The ends of a truss are pinned, so that they don't carry moments. The only reactions at the ends of a more...

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Strength of Materials

Strength of materials, is a subject which deals with the behavior of solid objects subject to stresses and strains.
The complete theory began with the consideration of the behavior of one and two dimensional members of structures, whose states of stress can be approximated as two dimensional, and was then generalized to three dimensions to develop a more complete theory of the elastic and plastic behavior of materials.
An important founding pioneer in mechanics of materials was Stephen Timoshenko.
The study of strength of materials often refers to various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts.
The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, more...

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Theory of Machines

The subject Theory of Machines may be defined as that branch of Engineering - Science, which deals with the study of relative motion between the various parts of machine, and forces which act on them. The knowledge of this subject is very essential for an engineer in designing the various parts of a machine.
Kinematics -It is that branch of Theory of Machines which deals with the relative motion between the various parts of the machines with out forces applying to it.
Dynamics- It is that branch of Theory of Machines which deals with the forces and their effects, while acting upon the machine parts in motion.
Kinetics- It is that branch of Theory of Machines which deals with the inertia forces which arise from the combined effect of the mass and motion of the machine parts.
Statics- It is that more...

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Vibration Analysis

Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point. The oscillations may be periodic such as the motion of a pendulum or random such as the movement of a tire on a gravel road.
Vibration is occasionally "desirable". For example, the motion of a tuning fork, the reed in a woodwind instrument or harmonica, or mobile phones or the cone of a loudspeaker is desirable vibration, necessary for the correct functioning of the various devices.
More often, vibration is undesirable, wasting energy and creating unwanted sound - noise. For example, the vibrational motions of engines, electric motors, or any mechanical device in operation are typically unwanted.
Such vibrations can be caused by imbalances in the rotating parts, uneven friction, the meshing of gear teeth, etc. Careful designs usually minimize unwanted vibrations.
The study of sound and vibration are closely more...

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