11th Class

  Emerging Modes of Business   Facts that Matter    

• The world of business is changing and E-business and outsourcing are two most obvious expressions of this change.
• Two newer modes of business i.e; E - business and BPO are not new business, but simply the new ways of doing business.
• Interestingly, the two trends of E-business and BPO are continuing to evolve, and that is why these are referred to as "Emerging Modes of Business".  
• E-Business - Electronic Business means conducting industry, trade and business using computer network \[24\times 7\times 365\]days a year. Business (24 hrs. \[\times \] 7 days \[\times \] 365 days a year business), there by dismantling the time and space, location constraints of - its performance.
• E-commerce means buying and selling products and services over the internet. It makes use of E-mail, electronic fund transfer etc.

  Scope of E-Business   more...

Analogy   Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Types of Analogous Relationship

  Introduction Analogy means 'similarity'. This is a Greek word which means having same value of proportion. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target. The analogy test mainly concentrates on relationship, which can be between various elements/ things/terms, phenomenon etc.  

• Example:

(1) Newspaper: Press:: Cloth: Mill Explanation: A 'Newspaper' is printed in a 'press' and in the same way 'Cloth' is made in the 'Mill'. In other word/ Press (place to give all data type paper work for print) is a production place for a newspaper and in the same way mill (place where raw material is used to make final product) is a production place for cloth. Product and Production relationship 1st pair- Press 2nd pair-Mill Clearly, both pairs more...

Classification   Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Letter-based Classification
• Word-based Classification
• Digit-based Classification

  Introduction Classification means grouping. If the objects or items are grouped on the basis of their common properties/ the process is known as classification.  

• CLASSIFICATION means "to assort the items of a given group on the basis of certain common quality they possess and then spot the odd one out”.

In this way, questions on classification are not much different from that of Analogy. The difference between these two types of question lies only in the way of selecting the answer In case of questions on analogy you are required to select the item which bears similar relationship as that given in the question. But in the case of questions on classification you are required to assort the items which have more...

Coding ? Decoding Coding - Decoding   Learning Objectives

• Coding – Decoding
• Letter Coding
• Substitution
• Deciphering Massage Word Codes

  Coding-Decoding A code is a system of signals. Therefore, coding is a method of transmitting messages between the sender and receiver without a third person understanding it. The Coding and Decoding test is set up to judge the student's ability to decipher the law that codes a particular message and to break the code to reveal the message.   Letter Coding A particular letter stands for another letter in letter coding.  

• Example:

If COURSE is coded as FRXUVH how is RACE would be coded?

(a) UDHF                                               (b) UDFH (c) HFDU                                               (d) UDFG (e) None of these Ans.     (b) Explanation:                         more...

Direction Test   Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Concept of Direction
• Concept of Turn
• Concept of Minimum Distance

  Introduction In this test, the question consists of a sort of direction puzzle. A successive follow-up of direction is formulated and the candidate is required to ascertain the final direction or the distance between two points. The test is meant to judge the student ability to trace, follow and sense the direction correctly.     Concept of Direction In our day to day life we form our concept of direction after seeing the position of the Sun, In fact, it is a universal truth that Sun rises in the East and goes down in the West. Thus, when we stand facing sunrise then our front is called East while our back is called West. At this position our left hand is in the northward and more...

Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Number Series
• Letters Series
• Mixed Series

  Introduction In a verbal series, words, letters or digits are given in a specific sequence or order. This section deals with questions in which series of numbers or letters are given. The term .follows a certain pattern throughout. Find out the next word, letter or digit to complete the given series. As it is, there is no set pattern and each question may follow a different pattern or sequential arrangement of letters or digits. Which you have to detect using common series and reasoning ability. There are mainly three types of verbal series completion patterns.

Number series

Letter series

Mixed series

  Type-1 Number Series   Introduction In this type of series, instead of letters, numbers or digits are used. Number series is divided into 4 types as given below: (i) Skipping the numbers in same more...

Blood Relation Learning Objectives

• Blood Relation
• Classification of Family/Blood Relations

  Blood Relation Family or Blood Relationship means persons connected by relations like - father-mother son - daughter, brother - sister, grandfather - grandmother, uncle - aunty, nephew – niece, brother- in - law, sister-in-law etc. The list can go on and on with addition of members from paternal side and maternal side. Questions in reasoning on Family/Blood Relationship are about the relationship of a particular person with another person of the family, based on the chain of relationship between other members of that family. The question depicts relationship among the various members of a family in a roundabout chain. The candidate is expected to find the relation between two particular persons mentioned in the question. Examples are given below to understand the concept in a better way.  

• Example:

Pointing more...

Syllogism Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Proposition
• Hidden Proposition
• Exclusive Propositions
• Rule to Draw Conclusion
• What is Aligning
• How to Solve Problems

  Introduction “Syllogism” is a Greek word that means inference or deduction. In ‘Reasoning’, syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion, based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. The problems of syllogism is based on two parts: (i)   Proposition (ii) Conclusion/conclusions drawn from given proposition/propositions.  Proposition A proposition is the statement of a certain relation between two or more terms. (a) The subject (b) The predicate

• The subject of proposition is the term about which something is being said.
• The predicate is that part of proposition, which states something about the subject, i.e. either affirm or deny the statement about the subject.

 

• Example
more...

Inserting Number Test Learning Objectives

• Inserting the Missing Number

 Inserting the Missing Number In this chapter questions contain a figure, a set of figures, an arrangement or a matrix, each of which bears certain characters, be it numbers, letters or group/combination of letters numbers which follow a particular pattern. You are required to identify and decipher this pattern and accordingly find the missing character in the figure.

• Example

Direction: Find the missing character from among the given alternatives.  1. (a) 45                                                    (b) 35 (c) 25                                                    (d) 15 (e) None of these Ans.     (c) Explanation: The pattern is \[\to {{(16-6)}^{2}}+{{(5-2)}^{2}}=100+9=109\] \[\to {{(22-15)}^{2}}+{{(21+19)}^{2}}=49+4=53\] \[\to {{(17-13)}^{2}}+{{(51-48)}^{2}}=16+9=\]   2. (a) 63                                                    (b) 60 (c) 50                                                    (d) 45 (e) None of these Ans.     more...

Logic Venn Diagram Test Learning Objectives

• Introduction
• Geometrical figures

  Introduction This section deals with questions which aim to analyse a candidate's ability to relate certain given group of items diagrammatically. Here are some different types of Venn diagrams with their implications made clear.   Type - 1st   Directions (Question 1 to 10): Each of the questions below contains three elements. These three elements may or may not have linkages. Each group of the elements fits into one of the diagrams given at (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e). You have to find out the diagram that fits for the elements given in questions. (a)                                                  (b)                                               (c)                                               (d) more...