Banking

  Operating System   An operating system consists of a set of programs, which controls, coordinates and supervises the activities of the various components of a computer system. It is a program which acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. The interface enables a user to utilise hardware resources very efficiently. Operating system (OS) is an organised collection or intergrated set of specialised programs that controls the overall operations of a computer. It is a program that must be on any computer for proper booting.   Functions of Operating System Operating system is a large and complex software consisting of several components. It is responsible for managing all the resources attached to a computer system. Following functions are provided by an operating system to the convenience of users   Process Management ‘A Process is a program under execution'. It is the more...

  Programming Concepts   It is the sequence of instructions in which the problems of computer tasks and steps are performed with the help of computer. A person who writes or performs the program is known as programmer. Programmer uses some specific languages to write program which is known as programming languages e.g. C++, Java, etc.   Programming Language It is a set of keywords, symbols and a system of rules for constructing statements by which humans can communicate instructions to be executed by a computer. Programming languages are mainly categorised into three parts which are as follows   Low Level Language These programming languages are more arcane and difficult to understand. It is designed to operate and handle the entire instruction set of a computer system directly which are generally used to write the system software, e.g. Machine language more...

  Microsoft Windows   Microsoft Windows stands for 'Microsoft- Wide Interactive Network Development for Office Work Solution.' Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating system developed, marked and sold by Microsoft. It enables you to work with a wide variety of programs on your computer, often simultaneously.   Versions of MS-Windows Some important versions of MS-Windows are as follows   Windows NT (New Technology) A version of Windows introduced in July, 1993 and made specifically for businesses offering better control over workstation capabilities to help network administrators.   Features
  • It is based on High Level Language.
  • It is able to run on DOS, Windows 3 and Win 32 applications.
  • It has a 32-bit Windows applications.
  • It uses preemptive multitasking.
  • It provides higher stability and security.
  Windows 95 It is a graphical user interface more...

  Microsoft Office   Microsoft Office was developed by Microsoft Inc in 1988. It is a collection of software’s, based on specific purpose and mainly used in office work. You can start any software of MS-Office by using the Start button.   There are five packages of MS-Office
  • MS-Word (Word Processing Software)
  • MS-Excel (Tabular Data Formatting Software)
  • MS-PowerPoint (Presentation Software)
  • MS-Access (Database Management Software)
  • MS-Outlook (E-mail Client)
  •   Microsoft Word MS-Word is a Word processing application which is one of the most important and widely used applications found on computer. Word processing software is mainly used to the creation of text based documents. It provides tools for composing, editing, formatting and printing of documents smaller than 45 Kb. The document can be a poster, report, letter, brochure. Web page, newsletter, etc. e.g. WordStar, Easy Word, Notepad for Windows.   Start more...

      Database Concepts A database is a collection of logically related information in an organised way so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Some other operations can also be performed on database such as adding, updating and deleting data. A database could be simple as a single text file with a list of names or it could be complex as a large bunch of text files including some data.   Fundamentals of Database For defining database, two terms, which are used frequently with database, should be known.
  • Data These are raw and unorganised facts that need to be processed such as digital representation of text, numbers, graphical images or sound, e.g. a student's test score is one piece of data.
  • Information When data is processed, organised, structured or presented in a given context to make it useful more...

  •   Data Communication and Networking   The term communication means sending or receiving information. When we communicate, we share information or data. A communication system can be defined as the collection of hardware and software that facilitates intersystem exchange of information between different devices.   Data Communication It is the exchange of data between two devices using some form of transmission media. It includes the transfer of data or information and the method of preservation of data during the transfer process. Data is transferred from one place to another in the form of signals. There are three types of signals
  • Digital Signal In this signal, data is transmitted in electronic form of data, i.e. binary digits (0 or 1).
  • Analog Signal In this signal, data is transmitted in the form of radiowaves like in telephone line.
  • Hybrid Signal These signals more...

  •   Internet and Its Services   The Internet has gained popularity and emerged as an important and efficient means of communication. The idea of introducing the Internet was to allow millions of people to share information and ideas, sound, video clips using their computers across the world. The Internet is a worldwide network of networked computers those are able to exchange information with each other. It consists of thousands of separately administered network of various sizes and types.   Internet Internet stands for International Network, which began in 1950's by Vint Cerf known as the 'Father of Internet. Internet is a 'network of networks' that consists millions of private and public networks of local to global scope. Basically, network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. The data move around the Internet is controlled by protocols. more...

      Computer Security   Computer security is also known as cyber security or IT security. Computer security is a branch of information technology known as information security, which is intended to protect computers. It is the protection of computing systems and the data that they store or access.   Methods to Provide Protection There are four primary methods to provide protection
  • System Access Control It ensures that unauthorised users do not get into the system by encouraging authorised users to be security conscious.
  • Data Access Control It monitors who can access what data, and for what purpose. Your system might support mandatory access controls with these. The sytem determines access rules based on the security levels of the people, the files, and the other objects in your system.
  • System and Security Administration It performs offline procedures that makes or breaks more...

  •   Introduction  
    • Physical Quantities
    Those quantities which can describe the laws of physics and possible to measure are called physical quantities. The physical quantities which do not depend upon other physical quantities are called fundamental quantities. In Standard International (S.I.) system the fundamental quantities are mass, length, time, temperature, luminous intensity, electric current and amount of substance. The physical quantities which depend on fundamental quantities are called derived quantities e.g. speed, acceleration, force, etc.  
    • Units
    The unit of a physical quantity is the reference standard used to measure it. Types of Units
  • Fundamental Units
  • The units defined for the fundamental quantities are called fundamental or base units.
    Fundamental Physical quantity Mass (M) Length (L) Time (T) more...
      Elasticity and Plasticity   The property of the body to regain its original configuration (length, or shape) when the deforming forces are removed is called elasticity. On the other hand, if the body does not have any tendency to regain its original configuration on removal of deforming force the body is called plastic body and this property is called plasticity.
    • Perfectly elastic body: A body which regains its original configuration immediately and completely after the removal of deforming force from it, is called perfectly elastic body. Quartz and phosphor bronze, are closed to perfectly plastic body.
    • Perfectly plastic body: A body which does not regain its original configuration at all on the removal of deforming force, however small the deforming force may be is called perfectly plastic body. Putty mid mud are closed to perfectly plastic body.
    • Stress
    The internal restoring force acting more...


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