Banking

  Money Market and Capital Market   Financial Market Financial Market is a transfer process between lender and debtor through which the transfer of financial fund can be done easily. It provides safe exchange of financial assets. It provides liquidity to investors in the sale of financial assets and also ensures the minimum cost of exchange and related information.   Components of Indian Financial Market Components of Indian financial market are as follows

• Money Market It is used by a wide array of participants from a company raising money by selling commercial paper into the market to an investor purchasing CDs as a safe place to park money in the short term.
• Capital Market It is a market for buying and selling equity and debt instruments. Capital market channel savings and investment among suppliers of capital such as retail investors and institutional investors more...

  Insurance   Insurance is a means of protection from any financial loss. Under an insurance contract; a insurer indemnifies the other insured party against specific amount of loss, occurring from specified eventualities within a specific period, provided a fee called premium is paid.   Since the inception of the insurance sector, the number of participants in the insurance industry has gone up from 7 insurers in 2000 to 60 insurers as on 30th Sep, 2015.   Insurance Sector in India Insurance industry includes two sectors, i.e. life insurance and general insurance. Life insurance relates to the life of the policy holder. General insurance deals with everything else. This type of insurance typically covers' Losses caused by theft or damage. Health and property insurance come under general insurance. Life insurance in India was introduced by Britishers. A British firm in 1818, established the Oriental Life Insurance more...

  Industry, Trade and International Organisation   Industry Industry refers to an economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacturing of goods in factories. Industries are often classified based on their principal product e.g. steel industry, automobile industry, textile industry, etc. The products of industries can be consumer goods (goods, which are finally consumed by consumers) like textiles, cosmetics etc., or producer goods (goods used by manufacturers for producing some other goods) like machinery, tools, equipment, etc.   Industrial Development The concept of 'Industrial Policy’ is comprehensive and it covers all those procedures, principles, policies rules and regulations which control the Industrial undertakings of a country and shape pattern of industrialization. It incorporates fiscal and monetary policies, the tariff policy, Labour policy and government's attitude not only towards external assistance, but towards the public and private sectors also. When India achieved independence in more...

  Tax and Budget   Tax Tax is the main source of state income, which is compulsorily paid to the state. Government obtains tax from citizen and spends it on their welfare and common good.   Aims of Taxation At present, the main aim of taxation is not to secure finances for the expenditure, but to reduce the economic inequalities of the income. Following are the main aims of taxation

• To secure money for expenditure
• Regulation of economy
• Equitable distribution of income

  Different Types of Tax Policy At global level, these are many different types of tax policy. Following are the popular types Progressive Tax Structure Under this type of tax structure with increasing income, the tax liability of a tax payer increases not only in absolute terms but also as a proportion of his income. Regressive Tax Structure When with more...

  Introduction to Computer   A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data from the user, processes the data by performing calculations and operations on it and generates the desired output as a result. The term computer is derived from the Latin word 'computare' which means 'to compute'.   Generally, computer is the combination of Hardware and Software which converts data into information. Computer operates on set of instructions only, they cannot think as human being. Computer has an ability to store and execute set of instructions called program which makes it extremely distinguishable and versatile than calculators. Computer makes people's lives easier and more comfortable.    Functioning of a Computer Computer Performs four basic functions -which are as follows

Input Information or data that is entered into a computer is more...

  Computer Architecture   Computer architecture deals with the functional behaviour of a computer system as viewed by a programmer. It can also be described as the logical structure of the system unit that housed electronic components. The computer architecture forms the backbone for building successful computer systems.     Components of Computer A computer consists of following main components

Input/Output (I/O) Unit

Central Processing Unit

Memory Unit

  Input Unit The computer accepts coded information through input unit by the user. It is a device that is used to give required information to the computer, e.g. keyboard, mouse, etc. An input unit performs the following functions (i) It accepts the instructions and data from the user. (ii) It converts these instructions and data in computer in acceptable format. (iii) It supplies the converted instructions and data to more...

  Computer Hardware   Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that can be seen and touched by the user. By the use of these hardware devices, it made very easy for the computer for processing its data, store and retrieve. Hardware is one of the basic and necessary part of a computer system. Computer hardware also includes communication bus, ports, input devices, output devices, etc.   Input Devices An input device can be defined as an electro mechanical device that allows the user to feed data into the computer for analysis and storage and to give commands to the computer. The data is entered into the main memory through the input devices. They accept instructions from the user and convert the accepted instructions into the machine language. Some of the commonly used input devices are described below   Keyboard more...

  Computer Memory   The computer memory is one of the most important elements in a computer system. It stores data and instructions required during the processing of data and output results. Storage may be required for a limited period of time, instantly or for an extended period of time. It also relates to many devices that are responsible for storing data on a temporary or a permanent basis.   Memory Hierarchy The hierarchical arrangement of storage in current computer architectures is called the memory hierarchy. The computer uses a hierarchy of memory that is organised in a manner to enable the fastest speed and largest capacity of memory as shown in figure. Parameters of Memory                Some related parameters of memory are as follow                           (i) Storage Capacity It is representative of more...

  Data Representation   Data representation refers those methods which are used internally to represent information stored in a computer. Computers store lots of different types of information as numbers, text, graphics, sounds, etc.   Number System It defines a set of values that is used to represent quantity. Digital computers internally use the binary number system to represent data and perform arithmetic calculations.   Types of Number System The number systems generally used by a computer are as follows   Binary Number System This system is very efficient for computers, but not for humans. It contains only two unique digits 0's and 1's. It is also known as Base 2 system. The binary numbers 0 and 1 are called a bit. The computer always calculates input in binary form. e.g. (10101 )2 Here, 2 represents base of binary number. more...

  Computer Software   Software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do. A software is a interface between the user and the computer. It is a set of instructions, programs that are used to give command to the hardware. It is responsible for controlling, integrating and managing the hardware components of a computer system and for accomplishing specific tasks.   Types of Software Software can be divided into two major categories

System software

Application software

    System Software It consists of several programs, which are directly responsible for controlling, integrating and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system. System software also provides the interface between the user and components of more...