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7th Class

Visualising Solid Shapes

 Visualising Solid Shapes
  • Description of Some Basic Shapes:
            (i) Square                                   It has four sides and four corners.                   All its sides are of the same length.               (ii) Rectangle                 It has four sides and four corners.                               more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Integers

Integers
  • Natural numbers (N): Counting numbers 1, 2, 3,…... etc., are called natural numbers.
            N= {1, 2.3, 4, …….}  
  • Representation of natural numbers on a number line: To represent natural numbers on a number line we should draw a line and write the numbers at equal distances on it as shown.
               
  • Whole Numbers (W): The set of natural numbers together with zero is known as the set of whole numbers.
            W= {0, 1, 2, 3 …...}  
  • Integers (Z): The set containing negatives of natural numbers along with whole more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Fractions and Decimals

Fractions and Decimals
  • A fraction is a part of a whole.
  • A number of the form \[\frac{p}{q}\], where p and q are whole numbers and q\[\ne \]0 is known as a fraction.
  • In the fraction\[\frac{p}{q}\], p is called the numerator and q is called the denominator.
  • The numerator tells us how many parts are considered of the whole.
  • The denominator tells us how many equal parts the whole is divided into.
              Note: Usually fractions are written in their lowest terms.             The numerator and the denominator of a fractions in its lowest are coprime.             That is, their H. C.F. is 1.  
  • Types of fractions:
            (i)  Simple fraction: A fraction in its lowest terms is known as a simple fraction.             e.g.,\[\frac{12}{25},\frac{5}{7},-\frac{4}{3}\,\,etc.,\]               (ii) Decimal fraction: A fraction whose more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Data Handling

Data Handling  
  • Representing data with the help of bars or rectangles of uniform width in a diagram is called a bar graph or a bar diagram.
  • Each bar represents only one value of the data and hence there are as many bars as there are values in the data.
  • The length of the bar indicates the value of the item. The width of the bar does not indicate anything.
  • All bars should rest on the same line called the base.
  • The bars may be drawn horizontally or vertically.
  • A double bar graph helps us to compare two collections of data at a glance.
              Collection and Tabulation of Data:
  • The word data means information in the form of numerical figures or a set of given information.
  • Data obtained in the original form is more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Simple Equations

Simple Equations  
  • Variable: A symbol which takes various values is known as a variable. Normally it is denoted by letters x, y etc.
 
  • Constant: A symbol having a fixed numerical value is called a constant.
            Sometimes, 'c', 'k' etc., are used as symbols to denote a constant.  
  • Coefficient: In the product of a variable and a constant, each is called the coefficient of the other. Sometimes, symbols like a, b, I, m etc., are used to denote the coefficients.
 
  • Expression: An expression can be defined as a combination of constants, variables and coefficients by some or all of the four fundamental mathematical operations (+,-, x and -). g.
            3y -14 here, more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Notes - A Shirt in the Market

  A Shirt in the Market   You have understood that there are different types of markets where you can buy different types of goods. You have read about the supply chain briefly in the previous chapter. In this chapter, you will get to know in detail about how goods pass through various stages till they reach you, the consumer, and how different people play different roles in this chain.   In a supply chain, there is a network of people and activities involved in trading to move a product or service from the supplier to the customer. The people involved in the supply chain earn money at their level. As the product or service moves in the chain of supply towards the consumer the rates of the product or service increase. Hence, the more the people involved in the supply chain, the higher more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Notes - Markets Around Us

Markets Around Us   Where do you get your household articles from? Where do you get your stationery, cosmetics and clothes from? Where do you get fruit, vegetables and groceries from? Of course, you get all these things from the market. You get everything you need in your daily life from the market. You go there to shop. What is a market? How do goods reach there and from where? Who are the people and which are the agencies involved in producing an article and reaching it to you? We will get to know all this and much more in this chapter.   Markets are places of trade. They serve as a link between the producers and the consumers and ensure distribution of goods and services in a society. A market is a place that brings together a buyer and a seller to exchange goods or more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Notes - Role of Gender

  Role of Gender   When a child is born, the first thing one wants to know about the child is whether it is a boy or a girl. To be a girl or a boy is an important aspect of one's identity in a society. The society we grow up in tells us how a girl should behave, what kind of behaviour is expected from a boy, what a girl or boy can or cannot do, etc. This forms fixed ideas in our minds about gender roles and we form gender stereotypes. Not all societies behave in the same way as ours. Ours is a patriarchal society where the roles played by women are valued less than the roles men play. But there are matriarchal societies also though very rare, where women are valued over men. This chapter will deal with all gender roles more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Notes - Understanding Advertising

  Understanding Advertising   Our days are surrounded with advertisements. Switch on the television or the radio, an advertisement jingle1 hits our ears and we begin singing and humming along with it. If an advertisement slogan2 is catchy, we find ourselves repeating it all day long. Pick up the newspaper and we see big colourful advertisements glaring at us on the very first page; Step out of the house we see advertisements on massive billboards in the streets alluring us. Click on a site on the Internet and promptly an advertisement pops up. Ever thought what these advertisements are trying to do? Why do these advertisements catch our attention and stay in our mind? Read the chapter and you will come to know.   Aisha Bhimani is a 32-year-old housewife residing in Delhi. To ease her kitchen work, she wants to buy a more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Notes - Understanding Media

  Understanding Media   English papers took nine months to reach India in the 18th century. How fast do you receive information today? What are the means by which we come to know about what is happening in another corner of the world? Why is it important to receive news and information on time? The answer to all these questions lies in knowing about the media. In this chapter, we will come to know about media in democracy.   'Media' is the plural form of the Latin word medium, meaning 'an intervening agency, or instrument'. We use the media to communicate. We write letters to our family members and Friends, call up people on the telephone, send documents and photographs through email, fax, etc., to share information or communicate with each other. These agencies or instruments like the letter, telephone, fax and email more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

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