Current Affairs 7th Class

   Saving a Document     MS Word allows you to save your document permanently. Word enables the Save or Save As command that a lows saving a document. You can save your document permanently on any location of hard disk. The Save As command can be used in three cases.                        These three cases are the following: 

• To save a document for the first time.
• To save a document with a new/another name.
• To save a document at a different location.

The Save command allows you to save a document with its current name at its en-rent location. The Save command updates a saved document.        The following are the steps to use the Save command: 

• Click File  Save  

    To save a new document you need to apply the following steps: 

• Click File  Save As to display the Save As dialog box, as shown in the following figure:   
• Select the appropriate location where the document needs to be saved by selecting a folder from the Save In drop-down list.
• In the File name text box, type the name of the file and click Save.    

    MS Word also provides the following alternative methods for saving the document: 

• Click Save on the Standard toolbar.
• Press Ctrl + S shortcut key  

    Opening a Document MS Word enables to open saved document easily. When you open a file, Microsoft Word places a copy of the file in an active document window.                            To open a document: 

• Select File  Open or Press Ctrl + O key or click Open to display the Open dialog box, as shown in the given figure.
• Select the appropriate location where you want to save a file in the Look in drop-down list. Select the document that is to be opened and click Open.  

     Closing a Document The Microsoft Word enables Close button to close a document. You can also close a document by selecting File Close.                    Microsoft launches a series of MS Word. Each version is the enhanced version of older one. Which one of the following is the latest version of MS Word? (A) Word 2003                                                   (B) Word 2002 (C) Word 2007                                   (D) Word 2010 (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (E) Word 2010 is the latest version of Word. Incorrect Options: Therefore, option (E) more...

   Creating the Document     Microsoft Word allows creating, saving, opening and printing a document. MS Word enables menu options and appropriate buttons on the toolbar for creating, saving and opening a document.       To enter text in the document: 

• First you need to place the insertion point at the location where you want to type the text.
• Type the text. If a word does not fit on a line then Microsoft Word automatically moves the word to the beginning of the next line.
• Press Enter key to end a short line or a paragraph and to create a blank line.
• Press Tab key to move the insertion point "1/2" to right.
• Press Delete key to remove the character or space immediately to the right of the insertion point.
• Press Backspace key to delete the character or space immediately to the left of the insertion point

   Opening Microsoft word   Microsoft Word is a powerful and spontaneous word processor.       To open Microsoft Word 2003:

• Click Start to display Start menu.
• Select Programs Microsoft Office   Microsoft Office Word 2003 to open Microsoft Word window.

      Introduction to Microsoft     Word The Microsoft Word brought new revolution in documentation. Windows platform of Word was released in 1989. Since 1989 various versions of Word has been launched by Microsoft, such as Word 6, Word 95, Word 97, Word 2000, Word 2002, word 2003 and Word 2007.   Microsoft Word is a popular word processor that allows the user to create more accurate, concise and correct documents. It's also useful to create brochures, memos, merging letters and, newsletters. Microsoft Word enables us to create documents using text formatting, graphic, chart and page formatting tools. Using Microsoft Word, you can add text, tables and graphics more easily.   Word enables various features that allow creating different kinds of documents. "The following table lists the various Microsoft Word Elements:    

ELEMENT	DESCRIPTION
Title bar	Displays the name of the active document and it is positioned across the top of the window.
Control Menu  icon	Controls the size and the position of the window and it is positioned in the upper-left corner of a window
Menu bar	Lists the Microsoft Word menu choices. It is positioned below the title bar.
Standard toolbar	Enables fast access to some of the Word's most frequently used commands and utilities. It is positioned below the menu bar.
Rulers	Word enables two types of ruler including horizontal and vertical. Rulers provide ongoing page measurement as well as quick access to margins, tabs and indents. It is positioned below the toolbar and on the left side of the application window.
Text area	Allows you to enter your document text.
Insertion point	Is a blinking vertical bar that is positioned in the text area.
Scroll bars	Allows viewing different areas of the active document. It is positioned along the right side and bottom of the text area.
Status bar	Displays various types of information about the active document, such as the current page number. It is positioned across the bottom of the application window.
Minimize button	The first of three buttons located in the upper-right corner of a window. It reduces the window to an icon on the taskbar.
Maximize/Restore	Allows changing the sized of window.
Document close  Button	Allows closing the document window.

               

     Uses of Internet   Internet is a global network. Basically Internet is a type of WAN that uses TCP/IP protocol. Protocol is a set of rules. If you want to use the Internet on your PC you need an Internet connection and a browser. There are number of browsers available in market, such as Internet Explore and Mozila firfox. Basically browser is software that enables a GUI to open a Website.      Internet allows you to do the following tasks: 

• Email: Using Internet you can send any information, greeting and any type of file, such as picture to any location of the world.
• Ticket booking: Using Internet you can book your railway ticket, air ticket and movie ticket. You do not need to go anywhere, just connect your corn puter with the Internet and book whatever you want.
• Banking: Using Internet you can check the status of your bank account. You can also transfer money from one account to other account.
• Searching: It is one of the important features through which we are able to grasp knowledge of any thing through any of the search engine. Google is one of the common search engines through which we can get any information regarding any topic, organization, and many other things can be learnt through this.
• Chatting: Using Internet you can chat with your friend in live environment. There are various chatting tools available in market, such as Google Talk.  
• E-learning: E-learning is a new revolution in learning world. Using Internet you can learn any subject anywhere anytime.  

           Intranet is the world largest WAN. To setup a WAN environment you can use ......................transmission media. (A) Fiber optic                                                   (B) Telephone line (C) Satellites                                       (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (D) To setup a WAN environment you can use fiber optic, telephone line and satellite transmission media. Incorrect Options: Therefore, option (D) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.            Internet has become an essence for modern man. Which one of the following is/are the advantages of Internet? (A) Email                                                              (B) Online Chatting (C) Online banking                                           (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (D) Email, online chatting and online banking are advantages of Internet. Incorrect Options: Therefore, option (D) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.         Using Internet you can chat with your friend online. Which of the following chatting tools is/are available on the Internet? (A) Google talk                                                                  (B) Rediff Bol (C) Yahoo Messenger                                                    (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (d) Explanation Correct Option: (D) Google more...

     Wide Area Network (WAN)   WAN (Wide Area Network) is one of the computer networks which is established in a large geographical area. While accessing through the Internet and connecting to the locations of an organization to each other it uses data links provided by the carrier services. It generally carries a variety of traffic types such as data, video and voice. Data services and telephone services are the most commonly used services.            To develop a WAN you can use the following transmission media:

• Telephone lines
• Satellites
• Microwave
• Fiber optic  

    

  Local Area Network (LAN)   LAN (Local Area Network) is a network which is established in a local area such as office, group of buildings or at home. A LAN can be of two computers and a printer in office, home or it can be extended throughout an organization. It is basically based on number of technologies such as switched 802.3 Ethernet technologies which is running at 10, 100 or 1,000 M bit/s or it may be on IEEE 802.11 WI-FI technology.           Suppose there is a branch of a particular Bank (A) which is situated on some distance from branch (B) of the same Bank, then the transferring of data done between them comes under the LAN process. This whole process comes under  

      Need of Networking   A computer network is a group of computers which are interconnected. The first networks were implemented by both IBM's SNA (Systems Network Architecture) and Digital's network architecture. Internet is the biggest example of computer networking. Through Internet you can send email or file to any location in the world. While developing computer network you need to use communication devices, such as modem and router. Basically communication devices are useful to send and receive data on the network. There are three different types of networking having different purpose. These are LAN, MAN and WAN. LAN means Local Area Network. This network is mainly used in the offices.       It has the following characteristics:

• Diameter of LAN does not exceed more than few kilometers. It is typically one kilometer.
• The computer connects with LAN required NIC (Network Interface Card).
• The data transfer rate over LAN is up to 100 Mbps.
• LAN use only one type of transmission medium.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is a network technology that covers whole town. It has the following characteristics:

• Helps in covering the entire city,
• The rate of data transfer is very fast up to 200 Mbps,
• Is owned by multiple organizations.
• MAN connects more than one LANs.

WAN is Wide Area Network, it covers wide area means whole world. With the help of WAN we can access many sites on the Internet.   It has the following characteristics:

• More scalable than LAN and MAN.
• Connects many sites spread across large geographic distances,
• Provides sufficient capacity to permit several computers to communicate simultaneously.

  The main advantages of networking are the following:   Reduce Cost: Using network you can share peripheral and software. You need to load software only on the file server all interconnected users used these software form server. This technique saves time and cost compared to installing and tracking files on independent computers. Using network you can also share several resources, such as printers, scanners, fax machines and modems. That reduces hardware cost. File sharing: Using network you do not need any USB drive or other media to transfer files from one computer to another computer. You can directly share the files using a network. Email: Using Internet you can send any information, greeting and much more all over the world.

    Basic Terminology of Network        Client/Server System Railway inquiry system is a good example of client/server system. When you use your computer to check the schedule time about any train, the client program that runs in your computer forwards the request to a server program runs at the railway computer. The server program retrieves the information from railway server and returns back to your personal computer. Your personal computer displays the schedule time of requested train. In the client-server system, client is a computer application that runs on a local computer and requests service from a remote computer. Server is a computer application that runs on a remote computer and provides the requested service to a client. The client-server system can be used by programs running on a single computer, and different computers which are located on different locations.              Advantage The main advantage of a client-server networking system is that you can perform administration or configuration of your entire network from a single location.       Disadvantage Client-server networking model is very costly because it requires more hardware and the server operating system, such as Windows Server 2008 for the server.        Switch A switch is a connection device that is used to developed computer network. It contains multiple ports that allow connecting more than one computer. Switch increases your network speed.  It is faster than the bridge because it only looks at destination address. Bridge is also a device which is used for connecting computers. Switches are more expensive than bridges.          Router A router is also a network connection device. The main difference between switch and router is that router decides the best path for data transmission from source to the destination. Router also increases your network speed.      Workstation Workstation is a computer which is designed for technical or scientific applications. The term workstation has also been used to refer to a mainframe computer terminal or a personal computer connected to a network.        A workstation may have the following features:

• A larger number of memory sockets
• Multiple processor sockets
• Multiple displays
• Support for ECC (Error Correcting Code) memory  

      Ethernet Networking Card or Network Interface Card (NIC) The NIC (Network Interface Card) is also called Ethernet Networking card. It is a circuit board equipped with microchips that is physically installed within an active network node, such as a computer, server or printer. It enables to connect your computer with network.          The first network was implemented by both IBM's SNA (Systems Network Architecture) and more...

    Viewing Clock and Calendar     Windows enables you a system clock that is located at the right corner of the task bar. To open the Date and Time properties you need to open the Control Panel:      

• Select Start  Settings  Control Panel to open the Control Panel window, as shown in the following figure:
• Double-click Date and Time. The Date and Time Properties dialog box opens, as shown in the following figure:
• OR, you can also double-click the time in the task bar.
• The Date and Time tab displays a calendar and clock. To adjust the time: Click and select the hour/minutes/ seconds Adjust the time in Time Combo Box.
• The Time Zone tab gives the standard timings with respect to the GMT.

If you want to view 'day-month-date-year', you need to place your cursor over the time.                Windows provides both kind of interface including GUI and command line. Which one of the following provides a single-line command interface? (A) Run                                                                 (B) My Computer (C) My Document                                            (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (a)  Explanation Correct Option: (A) The Run command provides a single line command interface that allows opening an application or document directly. Incorrect Options: (B) My Computer provides GUI environment. (C) My Document is a folder that contains document.         ................... allows you to open an application directly from desktop. (A) Shortcut key                                               (B) Desktop shortcut (C) My Computer                                             (D) All of these (E) None of these     Answer: (b) Explanation Correct Option: (B) A desktop shortcut allows you to open an application directly from desktop. Incorrect Options: (A) Shortcut key allows accessing a file easily. (C) My Computer provides GUI environment.          Which one of the following is the main disadvantage of Run command? (A) Single line command interface (B) You need to enter the complete file name along with the path of the file to open a particular file. (C) Allows opening a file or application directly (D) All of these                                                  (E) None of these                                      Answer: (b) Explanation Correct Option: (B) You need to enter the complete file name along with the path of the file to open a particular file. Incorrect Options: Rests of the options are advantages of run command. Therefore, option (B) is correct and rest of the options is incorrect.            

• Windows 7 is the latest version of Windows OS.
• Windows Server 2008 has latest features of server administration.    

    more...