Teaching

  What Is Pedagogy   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the concept of pedagogy with respect to various thinkers
• Engage with issues, challenges, and concerns about pedagogy and pedagogical processes
• Visualise the role of teachers with respect to pedagogy
• Understand the pedagogic beliefs of various schools of thoughts
• Develop critical perspective about participatory approach to pedagogy
• Explore the comprehensive environment for comprehensive pedagogy

  INTRODUCTION Pedagogy, methodology, and teaching strategies are used interchangeably; however, there is huge difference between these terms and using them interchangeably will ruin the actual meaning of pedagogy. Actually, pedagogy is a larger concept, and it is not possible to just study it in a classroom context. In its wider sense, it is a process of explaining, elaborating, and engaging with any phenomena. Therefore, it becomes comprehensive method rather than simple methods and more...

  Issues and Challenges of Teaching-Learning Social Science   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the objectives of teaching of Social science at various level of school education
• Engage with issues, challenges, and concerns about pedagogy and pedagogical processes of social sciences
• Explore the debates and issues of Science versus social science
• Understand the possibilities for improving pedagogy of social science

  INTRODUCTION The problem and issues of teaching-learning Social sciences emerge, when the nature of social science understood wrong. We have already discussed the nature and pedagogy of social science. On the basis of the understanding of these two chapters, now we will try to explore the problems, challenges, and issues of teaching-learning Social science. Social science has been misunderstood from various points of view, and mainly, it is an amalgamation of History, Geography, Political science, etc. There is a great need more...

  Classroom Processes, Activities and Discourse   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the meaning of classroom discourse
• Understand about various approaches to learning
• Elaborate about the issues associated with various approaches that help to understand the classroom discourse
• Become an effective teacher with abilities to organize various activities for learners

  INTRODUCTION In last few chapters, we developed an in-depth knowledge about Social science such as its nature, epistemology, challenges, issues, and so on. At the beginning of this chapter, we have a comprehensive understanding and teaching of Social science. The main objective of the chapter is to engage the classroom processes with various activities. It has been already established that Social science is not a simple subject rather is a complex enough as it deals with subjectivity and Social issues and concerns. Initially, this chapter will discuss various perspectives and approaches to learning, but it more...

  Developing Critical Thinking     LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand why we need to be a critical thinker
• Explore the approaches and strategies to become reflective practitioner
• Elaborate upon the ways of developing critical thinking in learners
• Engage with the process of developing effective critical thinking
• Plan educational practices based on critical thinking

But if thought is to become the possession of many, not the privilege of the few, we must have done with fear. It is fear that holds men back - fear lest their cherished beliefs should prove delusions, fear lest the institutions by which they live should prove harmful, fear lest they themselves should prove less worthy of respect than they have supposed themselves to be.  ?Bertrand Russell (Principles of Social Reconstruction) You assist an evil system most effectively by obeying its orders and decrees. An evil system more...

  Sources: Primary and Secondary     LEARNING OBJECTIVES  

• Understand the meaning and use of various sources in teaching-learning process
• Familiarise with the idea and concept of primary and secondary sources with their meanings and examples
• Elaborate on how do primary and secondary sources develop critical and analytical skills and abilities in learners

  INTRODUCTION A source is a mean through which one will be able to know about any concept, fact, or information. Source facilitates the conceptual clarity about any idea or information. It also legitimates the authenticity of the given idea. Historian makes sense of the prevailed idea based on the various available sources. Researchers also explore and elaborate about the research area based on various kinds of resources. Similarly, resources are also very significant for a teacher to facilitate the learners' ability to learn with authenticity. more...

  Evaluation in Social Science   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the concept of evaluation in social science
• Engage with the purpose and need of evaluation in social science
• Know the process and the strategies to evaluate in social science
• Elaborate the difference between measurement, assessment, and evaluation
• Explore the challenges of evaluation in social science

  INTRODUCTION What my students have learnt is a very fundamental question every teacher asks to oneself, and everyone gets a different kind of answer to this. There are reasons for this, which we will be discussing later in this chapter, but here, we are more concerned about the processes of evaluation in social science. Important questions that every Social science teacher must ask to oneself are the following: How well do the learners learn? How can they become better? Where do more...

  Human Environment   LEARNING OBJECTIVES ?              Understand the various aspects of human environment ?              Know the spread of population across India with various associated aspects of population ·                     such as density and growth ?              Explore the various kinds of settlements ?              Become familiar about the different types of transportation in India ?              Understand the concept of migration and reasons of migration   INTRODUCTION Human environment is constituted by humans, their activities, and environmental features they have created for their convenience and comfortable life. How do they live, where do they live, their population, their mode of communication among themselves, and how they survive, all these questions are the matter of human environment. In this chapter, we will focus on certain aspects more...

  Globe   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Learn about the concept of globe
• Understand the various imaginary lines that help us to identify the different aspects of the world with the help of globe
• Know the concept of latitudes and longitudes
• Explore the motion of Earth along with its inclination on its axis
• Familiarise the time zone system

  INTRODUCTION Globe is a three-dimensional, spherical, scale model of Earth. It is derived from the Latin word globus, which means mass or sphere. There are different kinds of globes like celestial globe, which represents the positions of stars in the sky. Geography is the science of location and maps. The location is presented relatively and this process is called relative location. In geography, we use two basic methods to locate a place; they are latitudes and longitudes and these are the imaginary lines more...

  Environment   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the concept of environment and atmosphere
• Explore the composition and various layers of atmosphere
• Engage with the process of atmospheric circulation
• Explore about human environment, manmade environment, and human-environment Interaction

  INTRODUCTION Air is an essential part of our life. We have to do many activities such as eat and drink to survive. Similarly, we breathe every second to live, and for it, air is very important. It is possible to survive few days without food, but not without breathing. To breathe, air is needed, and therefore, we need to understand atmosphere and climate in detail. Atmosphere is the mixture of gases. This mixture consists of life-giving gases such as oxygen (for humans and animals) and carbon dioxide (for plants). For exploring these gases and atmosphere, we have to understand the concept of Environment more...

  Air   LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Know about the gases composition in atmosphere and the structure of atmosphere
• Understand about weather and climate
• Explore and understand about air, air pressure, and various kinds of winds
• Engage with the understanding of various kinds of jet streams along with humidity

  STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHERE The atmosphere is made up of various layers and these layers exist because of significant changes happened in temperature. We must know that gravity plays a major role in this formation, because it pulls the air towards the earth which is known as air pressure. The layers constitute atmosphere are discussed below.              1.         Troposphere: The expansion of this layer is a little above the surface of the earth. The reason behind the life on the earth is due to the gases present in this layer. The more...