Teaching

  Methods of Teaching Environment Studies   It is possible for teachers to emphasise interdisciplinary teaching and learning in their own classes, e.g. through the topics and examples they choose. Teachers need to have professional skills for using teaching and learning strategies that can help students achieve the wide range of skills, knowledge and values objectives of education for sustainable development. It is also important that teachers work in a co-ordinate and co-operative way so that students are given the opportunity to integrate knowledge across subjects and across the years of schooling.   Children have an innate curiosity, but they require assistance in understanding their observations and how to relate the hew information to their existing knowledge. When teacher encourages children to question, predict, explain and explore in a safe environment, they offer children the support that is essential for becoming successful environmental science/studies students and more...

  Activities and Practical Work   Activity method is a process adopted by a teacher to make his/her classroom teaching effective. Through activities, students participate willingly and bring about efficient learning experiences.   6.1 Activity Based Teaching Method Activity based method is a child centred approach. It is a method in which a child is actively involve mentally and physically. Learning by doing is the main focus in this method. It requires active participation of students, where students themselves find out information about the topic given by the teacher.   ·               It gives reality for learning. ·               It enhances student's self-confidence and develops understanding through work.   6.1.1 Importance of Activities in School Curriculum A child has certain peculiarities at every stage. In this modern age, the psychological view point tells us more...

  How We Make Things?   World is made up of various elements and matter. These are made up of molecules formed from atoms. Humans fulfil his requirements from the things available on Earth. He changes the form of things according to his requirement and make them useful.   9.1 Things We Know   Almost everything that we use around us is the gift of science and technology. Be it fan, wheel, vehicle, cloth, paper, electricity, radio etc everything is the result of science and technology.   9.1.1 Matter   Everything in this universe is made up of material which is called as matter. Everything around us-air we breath, food, stones, clouds, stars, plants, water, animals, everything is made up of matter.   Characteristics of Matter   Characteristics of matter are given below ·         Particles of matter have more...

  Disaster     A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community's or society ability's to cope using its own resources.   10.1 Types of Disaster   Disaster can be divided into two types on the basis of origin: Natural disaster and human originated disasters.   10.1.1 Natural Disaster   These are major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth e.g. floods, hurricanes, tsunamis volcanic eruption earthquakes truncations and other logic processes. The severity of a disaster is measured in lives lost, economic loss and the ability of the population to rebuild. Some natural disasters are as follow   Earthquake   These are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves more...

  Miscellaneous   India is a diverse country. Diversity in India can be seen in society, environment politics, administration etc. That is why India is called as a country with unity in diversity.   India ·         Capital New Delhi ·         Population 121.09 crore (2011 census) ·         Area \[3287263\text{ }k{{m}^{2}}\] ·         States and Union Territories 29 States and 7 Union Territories ·         Lok Sabha Seats 543 (Present) (2 members and nominated by President) ·         Rajya Sabha Seats 245 (Present) (12 members are nominated by President) ·         Districts 707 ·         Language 23 more...

  Water   Water occupies a very large area of the Earth's surface, it is renewable resource which is essential for sustenance of life. Most of the water on Earth's surface is found in seas and oceans is saline in nature. Fresh water is found frozen in the ice-caps at the two poles and on snow covered mountains. The underground water and water in rivers, lakes and ponds is also fresh.   6.1 Sources of Water   Earth is called as 'blue planet' because of abundance of water of Earth. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, which produce a blue colour reflection when viewed from space. 97.5% of Earth's water is present in oceans. Water also exists in air as water vapour, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers. Only 2.5% water present on Earth is fresh water,   Percentage of more...

  Shelter   Shelter   Shelter is basic need of life not only for humans but also for animals. Shelter provides security from harsh environment conditions and also from dangerous animals.   7.1 Shelter: Primary Need of Life   Shelter is one of the key element of survival along with food and water. Birds, animals, insects, humans, and all other organisms need shelter to survive. Shelter provides protection from weather and any other kind of danger. All organisms want to live independently, where they get enough food for survival and their children live safely. Shelter-is a strong base for living a clean and healthy life.   Shelter can be divided on the basis of need and its surroundings     7.1.1 Terrestrial Shelter   Terrestrial shelter are one that are found on land like forests, grasslands, deserts, shorelines more...

  Travel   Transportation is the movement from one location from another; this movement can be of goods, chemicals, medicines, animals and people for various reasons like travelling, economic activity and mobility. Economic growth of any nation has always dependent on better and rational transport system. Various transports mean consume major fossil fuels and create major air pollution. Air quality, global warming, ozone depletion, smog and acid rains are major issues that are caused increasing oxides of carbon and nitrogen. Transport is the fastest growing emission sector of these pollutants.   Travel or journey can be defined as movement of individual or group due to any specific purpose from one place to another. Term travel is used for movement of human being while term transport is used for movement of goods from one place to another.   People travel within the country as well as to more...

  Food and Nutrition   Food are the substances which are essential for growth and development of an organism. All living organism need food, some of organisms such as plant make their own food by process of photosynthesis while animals obtain their food from plants and other animal. Human obtain food from both plants and animals.   Process of obtaining nutrients or food is called nutrition. Nutrients are the organic or inorganic substance which help in our survival and maintaining proper health. A nutrient supplies energy to the body, builds and repair body tissue and regulates the metabolism of body on the S of the quantity required by the body nutrients are classified into two categories.   1. Macro Nutrients These nutrients are required by body in large amount. e g. carbohydrate, fat and protein.   2. Micro Nutrients These nutrients are required only in minute more...

  Health and Disease   Health does not simply mean absence of disease or physical fitness. Health could be defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. "Health also increases longevity of people and reduces infant and maternal mortality. Good health is more than being free from disease. Several other factors like cleanliness and sanitation of house, surroundings, quality of food, drinking water, purity of air, exercise, sleep and rest are also very important.   5.1 Diseases Disease is an abnormal conditions of an organism which interrupts the normal bodily functions that often leads to feeling of pain and weakness and usually associated with symptoms and signs.   5.1.1 Types of Diseases Generally, diseases are of two types   1. Diseases by Birth These diseases are from birth e.g. haemophilia, colour blindness, turner's syndrome, aebinism etc.   2. Acquired Diseases These diseases more...