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7th Class

CODING-DECODING

Learning Objectives:
  • To learn of conveying a message through signals.
  • To learn how to decode a signal given in the form of codes.
  INTRODUCTION A 'code' is a system of conveying a message through signals. It is a method of sending a message between sender and receiver in such a way that only sender and receiver can know its meaning. However 'coding' is done according to a certain pattern in the mind of the sender. Therefore its meaning cannot be deciphered by a third person. Only if he carefully studies this pattern, he can decode it. This process is called 'Decoding'. This capability is important in many fields of application like computer programming, military applications, etc. The 'Coding-Decoding' test is set up to judge the candidates' ability to decipher the pattern more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

NUMBER & RANKING

Learning Objectives
  • To understand ranking in a given set of items.
  • To learn how a complex information can be simplified by ranking.
  INTRODUCTION A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either 'ranked higher than', "ranked lower than" or 'ranked equal to' the second. In mathematics, this is known as weak order or total pre order of objects. It is not necessarily a total order of objects because two different objects can have the same ranking. The rankings themselves are totally ordered. For example, materials are totally pre ordered. For example, materials are totally pre ordered by hardness, while degrees of hardness are totally ordered. By reducing detailed measures to a sequence of ordinal numbers, ranking makes it possible to evaluate complex more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS

Learning Objectives:-
  • To learn about fundamental operations.
  • To learn how to solve brackets.
  MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS This section deals with questions on simple mathematical operation. There are four fundamental operations, namely: Addition i.e. \[+;\]Subtraction i.e. \[-;\] Multiplication i.e, \[\times ;\]and Division i.e, \[\div \] There are also statements such as Less than i.e \[<;\] greater than i.e, \[>;\] and equal to i.e, = not equal to i.e, \[\ne ;\] etc. Such operations are represented by symbols, different from the usual ones. The questions involving these operations are coded using artificial symbols. The candidate has to make a substitution of real signs and solve the equation accordingly. While solving a mathematical expression, we always proceed according to the rule B O D M A S. more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

MISSING CHARACTER

Learning Objectives
  • To learn how to complete a partially filled chart with the help of information given.
  • To learn how to find missing characters from given alternatives.
Chart logic problems present you with a partially filled in chart or table and ask you to fill it in completely given either the information in the chart, or some information given by the question. Example 1: 
8   Y
X    
4 9 more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

CUBE AND DICE

Learning Objectives
  • To learn how to count number of cubes.
  • To understand the rules of dice.
  CUBE  INTRODUCTION Questions on Cube and Dice are an integral part of non-verbal reasoning. Cube is a 3-D figure, having 8 comers (vertices), 6 surfaces and 12 edges. In a cube all the sides (length, breadth and height) are equal. \[L=B=H.\] In a cube the number of unit cubes\[={{\left( side \right)}^{3}}\] Example 1: A cube of each side 4 cm, has been painted black, red and green on pairs of opposite faces. It is then cut into small cubes of each side 1 cm. more...
Catgeory: 7th Class

Wastewater Story

  Learning Objective
  • Types of waste
  • Water Treatment plants
  • Waste Management
  • Sewerage system
  • Eutrophication
    •   INTRODUCTION Wastewater needs to be treated before it can be reused, or released into a water body. Wastewater has many impurities and these impurities should be removed by water treatment. Wastewater from households is treated at a treatment plant to remove the physical, biological and chemical matter. In the physical process, wastewater is filtered to remove large impurities. For example: Take a funnel. Place a filter paper in the funnel and wet it with water. Then add some sand, fine gravel and medium gravel into the funnel. These are layers for the filtration of water. Now pour wastewater into the funnel and collect clean water. Repeat the same more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

    Forests: Our Lifeline

    Learning Objectives
  • Introduction
  • Uses of forests
  • Interdependence of plants and animals
  • Forests help in purifying sir
  • Conservations of forests
    •                            A forest   INTRODUCTION The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that have formed a buffer for the earth to protect life forms. The trees which make up the main area of the forest create a special environment which, in turn, affects the kinds of animals and plants that can exist in the forest. Forests can be broadly classified into many types, some of which are the Taiga type (consisting of pines, spruce, etc.) the mixed temperate forests with both coniferous an deciduous trees, the temperate forests, the sub tropical forests, the tropical more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

    Reproduction in Plants

    Learning Objectives
  • Types of reproduction
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Pollination
  • Pollination
  • Agents of pollination
  • Fertilization
  • Dispersal of seeds
  • Germination of seeds
  • Dormancy of seeds
    •   INTRODUCTION Each living organism has a definite span of life. During this period it produces new offsprings which are similar to itself. Thus each organism is survived by its offspring. This is made possible by the process of multiplication. This is also called reproduction which can be defined as "the ability of living organisms to produce new ones of their own kind."  Reproduction is mainly of two types - sexual and asexual. In sexual reproduction, the male and the female gametes fuse to form seeds that eventually develop into new plants. The seeds are formed inside the fruit. On the other more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

    Transportation in Animals and Plants

    Learning Objectives  Transportation in unicellular organisms
  • Blood circulation in humans
  • Excretory system in humans
  • Transportation in plats
    •   INTRODUCTION All living organisms need to take in air, water and nutrients and eliminate waste products out of their bodies. Oxygen from the air we breathe in is required by each cell of our body. Similarly, water and minerals absorbed by plant roots from the soil, must reach the leaves for preparation of food. This means, there must be some mechanism by which substances get transported within the body of plants and animals   TRANSPORTATION IN UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS In unicellular organisms, transportation of substances happens through diffusion and osmosis. Gases move in and out of the cell by diffusion. Other substances more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

    Weather, Climate and adaptation of animals to climate

    Learning Objectives
  • Weather and climate
  • Factors affecting the climate of the Earth
  • Adaptations of animals to different climates
    •  INTRODUCTION The day-to –day conditions of the atmosphere at a place with respect to elements like temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc. is called the weather of that place. The atmosphere is all around us-we cannot see it, but it keeps us warm. The sun is responsible for all the changes in the weather. The distance between the sun and us is very large. The sun is the chief source of light and heat for the earth. It is also the Primary source of energy, and causes changes in the weather. The energy is absorbed and reflected by the earth's surface. The oceans and the atmosphere play an important role in determining the weather at anyplace. Also, gases more...
    Catgeory: 7th Class

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