"My hands are not soiled with the murder of man. God will give me justice."                              Ashfaqulla Khan Ashfaqulla Khan was a loyal friend, a great revolutionary; a real martyr sacrificed his life for the cause of freedom. By his unique sacrifice, Ashfaqulla became an immortal revolutionary, an unforgettable name in the Indian da struggle history. Born in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Ashfaqulla Khan was the Ashfaqulla Khan. In 1921, Mahatma Gandhi had called on all Indians not to pay the government or cooperate with the British. This non-cooperation move kindled the fire of freedom in the hearts of all Indians. However, with Chaura violence which resulted into setting ablaze of a police station and dealer some policemen, Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement February, 1922. The youth of the country were greatly disappointed with this call off the movement and they themselves resolved that the country should become as early more...

(BEDROCK OF INDIAN DEMOCRACY)   "Our protection against all kinds of fanaticism, extremism, dictatorship, none of whom can be trusted with unlimited power over others, lie nut in their forbearance but in constitutional limitations, as Fundamental Rights, on their powers." Our Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens which are to be looked upon as inalienable rights of an individual, which every human being is entitled to enjoy if he is to  maintain his dignity and self-respect. These are basic rights essential for the realization of the highest good of a citizen. Any violation of these rights can be questioned in a court of law. These are in the form of basic and essential freedoms which every citizen enjoys individually and collectively also. These are guaranteed in the form of six broad categories of "fundamental rights", under Article 12 to 35 of our Constitution. These are Right to equality: Right more...

"Internet is like an act that of a magician. The miracle that Internet had made to happen is really mind boggling ones. We can find everything on Internet that has put the world knowledge in a computer box". The Internet had its origin in the DOD’s (Department of Defence USA) efforts to build a controller that can get entry in any network that is very broad, stubborn and sturdy. Few years back DOD officials were worried because there was no such device to which you can connect almost any other network or computer. The DOD officials wanted to create a fault tolerant Wide Area Network that could carry, command, and control information in the event of a nuclear war. Thorough research was made and the result was the Internet Protocol (IP) and ARPANET (Advance Research Projects Agency Network), though original aim of this research was military, it was soon used more...

"Seligioii must be restricted to spheres, which legitimately appertain to religion, and the rest of life must be regulated, unified      { and modified in such a manner that we may evolve, as early as      \ possible, into a strong and consolidated nation." —K.M. Munshi    In almost all the countries there is one civil code for all the citizens. The basic ( ideology behind the formulation of a civil code is to end discrimination based on religion. It is a cruel fact that women are the worst victims of discrimination under personal laws. Though Muslim women are the worst affected under the Muslim personal law, yet it cannot be negated that women, Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh are virtually losers under the respective personal laws. Gender discrimination persists despite the constitutional prohibition. Article 44 of the Constitution says that the State shall Endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform Civil code, more...

"Bose, (Sir) Jagdish Chandra (1858-193 7), pioneer in the field of physical, electro-physiological and plant-physiological research ill India, was a great physicist, a great biologist and a unique personality of his time. " Jagadish Chandra Bose was born on November 30,1858 in Myemsingh in Bangladesh). His early education was in a village Pathshala in the Bengali medium, till the age of 11. In 1869, he was sent to Calcutta to learn English and was educable at St. Xavier's School and College. Here he came into contact with Fr. Eugene Lafont,  S.J. who inspired him. He passed the B. A. in physical sciences in 1879. In 1880 Bose went to London, where he joined a medical school. Due toil health he had to give up the study of medicine. He then joined Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1884 he obtained the B.A. degree of the Cambridge University. On returning home, he was more...

"Sri Ramkrishna Paramhansa was a great saint , a great devotee of Goddess Kali, said to have had long con variations with (he Goddess Kali, like son and mother". Sri Ramkrishna was bom on February 18, 1936 in Kamarpukur, Hoogli of Khudiram Chattopadhay and Chandramom Devi. He was the fourth child of his parents, after Ramkumar, Katyayam and Rameswar and a sister, Sarbamangala. Nicknamed as Gadadhar he was a very reckless but god fearing boy since childhood and was deeply devoted to serve the mother goddess Kali from a young age. He was greatly inspired by the of Lord Krishna and tried to imitate his feats. As a child he was matured for his age and earned the love of all. He had an unusual memory interested in Hindu mythology. Once while playing the part of Shiva in the plays performed during Shivaratri, he attained Vhava Samadhi. His elder brother more...

"Rooted in past and full of pride in India's heritage^ Vivekanand was yet modern in his approach to the problems and was a kind of bridge between the past of India and her present." The most notable thing about Vivekanand was his flaming zeal for reviving the greatness of Hinduism and the Motherland.  We must go out and conquer the world through our spirituality and philosophy—this was the noble idea he stood for. In the words of Sir Valentile Chirol, "Vivekanand was the First Hindu whose personality won demonstrative recognition abroad for India's ancient civilization and for her new born claim to nationhood." Swami Vivekananda was bom Narendranath Dutta, son of a well-known lawyer in Calcutta, Biswanath Dutta, and a very intelligent and pious lady, Bhuvaneswari Deviin the year 1863. Biswanath often had scholarly discussions with his clients and friends on politics, religion and society. He used to invite Narendranath more...

Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed the "polar-area diagram " to dramatize the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform.  Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on May 12, 1820 and was named Florence after the city where she was born. Her parents, William Edward and Frances Nightingale were a wealthy couple who had toured Europe for two years on their honeymoon. During their travels their first daughter, Parthenope, was bom in Naples more...

"The brutal, unabashed aggression on Iraq by the USA and l Britain, the co founding members of United Nations, has thrown to  ' wind the basic principles on which the United Nations was forwcd and rendered these organization monuments of no relevance."   The preamble of United Nations Charter says, "We, the people of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.«' I twice in our life time has brought untold sorrow to mankind and..." "To reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the  humans in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small  and.. Not to talk of human rights of men and women, the basic reason for which the formation of United Nation's necessity was felt, that is to save the mankind from the scourge of war, was torn to pieces, by the aggression more...

"Proper infrastructure is the base/or rapid development of an economy. The development of infrastructure is calling for expansion, technological modernization, scientific tuning." Our country needs good roads, better transport facilities, better railway are liable air travel, more telecommunication linkage, better facilities at ports, better and sufficient power supply, planned urbanization, housing and particularly in respect to rural area, basic infrastructure of road, power supply, education and water etc.   India is a country of one billion people out of which 70% people live in rural area. It is strange that even after fifty six years of independence the shape and form of the rural sector have not changed prospectively. Lot of many problems of metro cities Is the result of lack of infrastructural facilities and job opportunities in rural area.The increasing number of slum areas in metros is the result of no unemployment for the rural mass. Despite progress made more...