Current Affairs 9th Class

Analogy

Analogy The word analogy means similarity. It can exist between any two objects in a particular manner or it may be the case that the two objects are related in the same way as the given objects are related. Some examples are solved for you. 1. STAIN : HONOUR :: ? (a) Lose : Fame (b) Blot : Escutcheon (c) Doubt : Reputation (d) Slander : Integrity (e) None of these Answer: (b) Blot : Escutcheon - Relation of thing and quality 2. CONSPICUOUS : STRIKING :: ? (a) Noticeable : Outstanding (b) Obvious : Distinguished (c) Overt : Hidden (d) Glaring : Indistinct (e) None of these Answer: (a) Noticeable : Outstanding - Conveying almost similar meaning 3. AUTUMN : WITHER :: ? (a) Fall : Digress (b) Winter : Retreat (c) Spring : Flower (d) Season : Change (e) None of these Answer: (c) Spring : Flower - Related to result 4. PLAGIARISE : BORROW :: ? (a) Pilfer : Steal (b) Explode : Ignite (c) Extort : Obtain (d) Purify : Filter (e) None of these Answer: (c) Extort: Obtain - having similar meaning 5. KING : CROWN :: ? (a) Priest : Mitre (b) Soldier : Gun (c) Teacher : Chalk (d) Sculptor : Chisel (e) None of these Answer: (a) Priest : Mitre - Crowing relation

Catgeory: 9th Class

Classification

Classification Everything on the Earth or in the Universe is not unique, it is identical with some other thing in various respects. Here, we are giving examples to develop understanding about the classification. 1. Pick the odd one out: (a) Nose (b) Eyes (c) Skin (d) Teeth (e) None of these Answer: (d) All others are sense organs. 2. Pick the odd one out: (a) Cone (b) Circle (c) Triangle (d) Rectangle (e) None of these Answer: (a) All others are geometrical figures. 3. Pick the odd one out: (a) Venus (b) Moon (c) Pluto (d) Mars (e) None of these Answer: (b) All others are planets. 4. Pick the odd one out: (a) Kite (b) Bird (c) Radar (d) Jet (e) None of these Answer: (c) All others are flying objects. Radar traces the objects in sky. 5. Pick the odd one out: (a) Lead (b) Mercury (c) Copper (d) Iron (e) None of these Answers: (b) All others are solid metals.

Catgeory: 9th Class

Comprehension Based on Stanza

Comprehension Based on Stanza Study the following examples. · Example - 1 Read the following example carefully and answer the questions that follow. It is not growing like a tree In bulk, doth make Man better be; Or standing long on Oak, three hundred year, To fall a log at lost, dry, bald and sere. Choose the correct alternative for each question. 1. These lines have been taken from the poem: (a) Once Upon a Time (b) Written in Early spring (c) The Noble Nature (d) The Man He killed (e) None of these 2. Who wrote these lines? (a) William Wordsworth (b) Gabriel Okara (c) Thomas Hardy (d) Ben Jonson (e) None of these 3. What is the age of an oak tree? (a) Fifty years (b) Two hundred years (c) Three hundred years (d) Five hundred years (e) None of these 4. What is the ultimate fate of an oak tree? (a) It is filled with beautiful flowers. (b) It falls as a useless log of wood. (c) It falls as a useful log of wood. (d) Both (a) and (b) (e) None of the above 5. When the oak tree falls it is; (a) Dry (b) Withered (c) Leafless (d) All of the above (e) None of these 6. The literary device used in the first line of the given stanza is: (a) Alliteration (b) Metaphor (c) Simile (d) Rhyme (e) None of these 7. What is the rhyme scheme of the given stanza? (a) abab (b) aabb (c) abba (d) aaab (e) None of the above · Example - 2 Read the following example carefully and answer the questions that follow. I heard a thousand blended notes While in a grove I sate reclined, In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind. Choose the correct alternative for each question. 1. These lines have been taken from the poem: (a) The Man he Killed (b) Once Upon a Time (c) Lines Written in Early Spring (d) The Noble Nature (e) None of these more...

Catgeory: 9th Class

Current Affairs

Current Affairs Study the following examples. · Example ? 1 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. The release of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere by power plants and agricultural activities plays a minor role in making the ocean more acidic on a global scale, but the impact is greatly amplified in the shallower waters of the coastal ocean, according to new research by atmospheric and marine chemists. Ocean "acidification" occurs when chemical compounds such as carbon dioxide, sulfur, or nitrogen mix with seawater, a process which lowers the pH and reduces the storage of carbon. Ocean acidification hampers the ability of marine organisms- such as sea urchins, corals, and certain types of plankton- to harness calcium carbonate for making hard outer shells or "exoskeletons." These organisms provide essential food and habitat to other species, so their demise could affect entire ocean ecosystems. 'Acid rain isn't just a problem of the land; it's also affecting the ocean/' said Scott Doney, lead author of the study and a senior scientist in the Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). He further added, 'That effect is most pronounced near the coasts, which are already some of the most heavily affected and vulnerable parts of the ocean due to pollution, over-fishing, and climate change." In addition to acidification, excess nitrogen inputs from the atmosphere promote increased growth of phytoplankton and other marine plants which, in turn, may cause more frequent harmful algal blooms and eutrophication (the creation of oxygen-depleted "dead zones") in some parts of the ocean. Doney collaborated on the project with Natalie Mahowald, Jean-Francois Lamarque, and Phil Rasch of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Richard Feely of the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Fred Mackenzie of the University of Hawaii, and Ivan Lima of the WHOI Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department. "Most studies have traditionally focused only on fossil fuel emissions and the role of carbon dioxide in ocean acidification, which is certainly the dominant issue/' Doney said. "But no one has really addressed the role of acid rain and nitrogen.? The research team compiled and analyzed many publicly available data sets on fossil fuel emissions, agricultural, and other atmospheric emissions. They built theoretical and computational models of the ocean and atmosphere to simulate where the nitrogen and sulphur emissions were likely to have the most impact. They also compared their model results with field observations made by other scientists in the coastal waters around the United States. Farming, livestock husbandry, and the combustion of fossil fuels cause excess sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and nitrogen oxides to be released to the atmosphere, where they are transformed into nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Though much of that acid is deposited on land (since it does not remain in the more...

Catgeory: 9th Class

Story Based Comprehension

Story Based Comprehension Study the following examples. · Example ? 1 Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow. Aurangzeb banned the playing of a musical instrument called pungi in the royal residence for it had a shrill unpleasant sound. Pungi became the generic name for "reeded noise makers/' Few had thought that it would one day be revived. A barber from a family of professional musicians, who had access to the royal palace, decided to improve the tonal quality of the pungi. He chose a pipe with a natural hollow stem that was longer and broader than the pungi, and made seven holes on the body of the pipe. When he played on it, closing and opening some of these holes, soft and melodious sounds were produced. He played the instrument before royalty and everyone was impressed. The instrument, so different from the pungi, had to be given a new name. As the story goes, since it was first played in the Shah's chambers and was played by a nai (barber), the instrument was named the 'shehnai?. 1. The emperor banned the playing of which musical instrument? (a) Flute (b) Guitar (c) Drum (d) Pungi (e) None of these 2. The barber decided to improve which quality of the pungi? (a) Look (b) Shape (c) Size (d) Tonal (e) None of these 3. What was the new name of the pungi? (a) Shehnai (b) Harmonium (c) Guitar (d) Flute (e) None of these 4. Who changed the pungi into a new musical instrument? (a) King (b) Barber (c) Jeweller (d) Soldier (e) None of these · Example - 2 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. It was a hot summer night; about ten o'clock. I had my meal at the restaurant and returned to my room. I heard a noise from above as I opened the door. The sound was a familiar one. One could say that the rats and I shared the room. I took out my box of matches and lighted the kerosene lamp on the table. The house was not electrified, it was a small rented room. I had just set up medical practice and my earnings were meagre. I had about sixty rupees in my suitcase. Along with some shirts and dhotis, also possessed one solitary black coat which I was then wearing. I took more...

Catgeory: 9th Class

Comprehensions Based On General Topic

Comprehensions Based On General Topic Study the following examples. · Example - 1 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow, There are books which are relatively easy to classify this is one such book. Telling the story of how television has evolved over the years, from Nehruvian India to the satellite T V age, may seem like a commonplace thing to do, considering the part that television has come to play in our lives, but it has rarely been attempted in any comprehensive fashion. As the author outlines in the prologue, there have been studies that focused on the pre-liberalization years, as also the initial years of the satellite television age. But it is the story of the last decade or so, when 24-hour news channels appeared to radically transform television and its impact on society and politics, which has not been chronicled significantly. This book attempts to fill that gap. But to explain why and how television has come to be an important cog in the wheel of Indian democracy and a vital ingredient in our social life, it goes back in time to narrate how the Indian state maintained a stranglehold over television till the early 90s and the manner in which satellite television made its entry into India in an illegal roundabout way It talks of how Indian capitalists ushered international agencies in the satellite revolution, later shedding their difference to reverse the power equations, a journey that saw the launch of nearly 300 channels in less than a decade. It deals with the Indian state and how its transformation can be traced through the changing nature of its broadcast law, a phenomenon that has been the state slowly let go of control, albeit reluctantly There is an assessment of the role that advertising has played in the growth of television, seen in the backdrop of the rapid strides taken by Indian capitalism in the post-liberalisation era. 1. What radically transformed TV, and its impact on society and politics? (a) 24 hour news channels (b) Sports channels (c) Entertainment channels (d) Movie channels (e) None of these 2. What did the book explain? (a) Importance of book (b) Importance of television (c) Importance of plants (d) Importance of media (e) None of these 3. How many channels do we see on the satellite television? (a) 300 (b) 400 (c) 200 (d) 100 (e) None of these 4. Who played an important role in growth of T.V.? more...

Catgeory: 9th Class

Grammar (All Topics)

Grammar (All Topics) 1. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT A verb must agree with its subject in number and person. Read the following sentences to understand the relationship between the number of subject in a sentence and the verb. 1. The class captain marks the attendance in the absence of class teacher. 2. My sister doesn't know swimming. 3. We were filling in the forms when the explosion took place. 4. All the boys have assembled in front of the NCC Room. Singular subject - Singular verb 1. A dog barks at the sight of a stranger. 2. The principal is inaugurating the exhibition. Plural subject - Plural verb 1. They are planting saplings. 2. The students are sitting in the hall. The following nouns are taken as singular subjects. Such nouns are used as plurals also. They are used with singular verbs as shown below: 1. Public knows the secrets. 2. A group of workers is working in the factory in spite of the declared strike. 3. My family is suffering due to floods. Uncountable nouns such as water, furniture, stationary, information, advice, news, luggage, weather, are singular subjects. 1. My classroom furniture is under repair. 2. Filtered water is good for stomach. 2. VERBS AND ITS DIFFERENT FORMS AND KINDS Read the following sentences. 1. My father is a doctor. 2. He is a physician. 3. He was born in Lahore in the year 1948. The underlined words "is, was" tell us the status of people. They are status verbs and brefer to Present and Past Tense. Has, Have and Had: These verbs tell the position of a thing or a person. For example: 1. Ravi has a beautiful watch. 2. more...

Catgeory: 9th Class

Algebra and Co-ordinate Geometry

Algebra and Co-ordinate Geometry In this chapter, we will learn about polynomials, linear equations in two variables and co-ordinate geometry. Polynomials Polynomials are those algebraic expressions in which the variables involved have only non-negative integral powers. In other words, a polynomials p(x) in one variable x is an algebraic expression in x of the form, \[P(x)={{a}_{n}}{{x}^{n}}+{{a}_{^{n-1}}}{{x}^{n-1}}+....+{{a}_{3}}{{x}^{3}}+{{a}_{2}}{{x}^{2}}+{{a}_{1}}x+{{a}_{0}}.\] Where \[{{a}_{n}},{{a}_{n-1}},....{{a}_{3}}, {{a}_{2}}, {{a}_{1}}, {{a}_{0}}\]are constants and an \[{{a}_{n}}\ne 0\] Here, \[{{a}_{n}}, {{a}_{n-1}},...., {{a}_{3}}, {{a}_{2}}, {{a}_{1}}, {{a}_{0}} \]are respectively the coefficients of \[{{x}^{_{n}}}, {{x}^{_{n-1}}}, ...., {{x}^{3}}, {{x}^{2}}, x, {{x}^{0}}\] and n is called the degree of the polynomial. Each of \[{{a}_{n}}{{x}^{n}}, {{a}_{n-1}}{{x}^{n-1}},.....{{a}_{3}}{{x}^{3}}, {{a}_{2}}{{x}^{2}}, ax, {{a}_{0}}\]is called a term of the polynomial p(x). The degree of the polynomial in one variable is the highest index of the variable in that polynomial. Note: (i) A non-zero constant polynomial is a polynomial is a polynomial of degree 0. For example \[-3, \frac{2}{3}, \sqrt{5}\] etc. are constant polynomials. (ii) Constant polynomial 0 is called the zero polynomial. In such a polynomial all the constants are zero so degree of a zero polynomial is not defined. (iii) For a polynomial p(x), a real number k is called a root (a zero) of the equation p(x) = 0 p(k) =0. Types of Polynomials The following are the types of polynomials:

Linear Polynomials (Polynomials of degree 1)
Quadratic Polynomials (Polynomials of degree 2)
Cubic Polynomials (Polynomials of degree 3)
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Catgeory: 9th Class

Geometry

Geometry In this chapter, we will learn about introduction to Euclid's geometry, lines and angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, areas of parallelograms and triangles and circles. Axioms Axioms or postulates are the assumptions which are obvious universal truths. They are not proved. Theorems Theorems are statements which are proved, using definitions, axioms, previously proved statements and deductive reasoning. Euclid's Axioms 1. The things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another. 2. If equals be added to the equals, the wholes are equal. 3. If equals be subtracted from equals, the remainders are equals. 4. Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another. 5. The whole is greater than the part. 6. Things which are double of the same thing are equal to one another. 7. Things which are halves of the same thing are equal to one another. Euclid's Postulates 1. A straight line may be drawn from any point to any other point. 2. A terminated line (line segment) can be produced indefinitely. 3. A circle may be described with any centre and more...

Catgeory: 9th Class

Surface Area and Volume

Surface Area and Volume In this chapter, we will learn about some important formulas related to 2-D and 3-D geometrical shapes. Area of a Triangle

Area of a triangle \[=\frac{1}{2}\times (Perpendicular)\times Base\]
Area of a triangle having lengths of the sides a, b and c is \[=\sqrt{s\left( s-a \right)\left( s-b \right)\left( s-c \right)}\]sq. units, where \[s=\frac{1}{2}(a+b+c)\]

Area of an equilateral triangle\[=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}{{a}^{2}}\], where a is the side of the equilateral triangle.

Circle

Circumference of the circle = \[2\pi r\]
Area of the circle =\[\pi {{r}^{2}}\]
Area of the semicircle = \[\frac{1}{2}\pi {{r}^{2}}\]
Perimeter of the semicircle \[=\pi r+2r\]

Length of Arc and Area of a Sector Let an arc AB an angle 0 < 180° at the center (O) of a circle a4 radius; Then we have:

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Catgeory: 9th Class

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