Point
A figure does not have length, breadth and height but it has position is called point. A figure made by pressing the sharpened end of a pencil on a plane figure is known as point. A letter which denotes a point is the name of the point. The name of the following points are given below:
. P . M . L
Remember the following about a point:
Distance between two points is 5 cm. If a dot is exactly between the two pointsthen find the distance among the middle and each point,
A. B. C.
(a) 2cm
(b) 2.5cm
(c) 3cm
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (b)
Explanation
Middle point is exactly between two points. Hence, distance from both the points to middle point is 2.5 cm.
Line
Innumerous points on a plane in a particular direction form a figure is called a line.
A line has no breadth and thickness. A tight wire between its two ends, edges of a table, edges of a ruler are the examples of lines. A line may be a straight line or curved line.
In the above figure straight line I, and another figure curved line p are given. A line is usually denoted by small letters. Therefore, the name of the above lines are and p. The arrow marks on its both ends indicates that it can be extended from both directions to any length. Line I is represented by 
Remember the following about a line:
Which one of the following represents a line?
(a) 
(b) .............................
(c) 
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (c)
Expiration: A line can be extended on both directions.
Straight Line
A straight line on the horizontal is the shortest distance between two points.
In the figure above, line m is drawn through two points, A and B or two points A and B are shown on the line m, therefore, AB are the points on the line m. Another line can also more... 
Introduction
Points, lines and rays are the basic concept of geometrical figures. Basic geometrical figure was first introduced by great mathematician Euclid. The word angle comes from the Latin word angelus. It means corner. In this chapter we will learn about the basic geometrical figures. 
Introduction
Pictograph is referred as the representation of data in
picture form. In ancient time pictographs were only the method for writing the
information. Numbers were also represented in picture form. Now a day
pictographs are used for the analysis of data. In this chapter we will learn
about the pictorial representation of data.
Pictograph and
its Use
Information about anything in the form of picture is called
pictograph. There are different types of graphs which are used for the
representation of data. These are bar graph, line graph, Venn diagram.
Representation of
Data by Pictograph
v A
picture of a house
represents one
house.
v Pictures
of two houserepresent 2
house.
v If
one picture of a houserepresents 6 house then
the pictures of2 house
will represent 
house.
From the above representation of data we can say that a big
quantity is represented by a symbol which is called pictorial representation of
data.
represents 12 pencils. The symbol
will
represent?
(a) 48
(b) 70
(c) 80
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (a)
Expirations
= 12 pencils
therefore, four number of such pencils = 12 x 4 = 48 pencils.
Data
Information about the things is called data. A surveyor
conducts a survey regarding the T.V users in 4 areas A, B, C, D in a city and
obtain the data: 50, 60, 45, 40.
Row data is arranged in table as shown below:
| Area | Number of T.V users |
| A | 40 |
| B | 45 |
| C | 50 |
| D | 60 |
Introduction
Subtraction is the difference between two quantities and this is the inverse process of addition.
The name subtraction itself means "to take away". The symbol used for subtraction is (-) called minus. In the subtraction, the quantity from which another quantity is to be subtracted is called minuend and subtracted quantity is called the subtrahend. Resulting quantity of the subtraction is called their difference. In the
S subtraction of X - Y = Z. X is minuend, Y is subtrahend and Z is difference between X and Y.
Subtraction without Borrowing
The following steps are used for the subtraction of four digit numbers without borrowing:
Step 1: Write the numbers in such a way that the ones of a smaller number under the ones of bigger number and tens, hundreds, thousands of the smaller numbers under the tens, hundreds, thousands of bigger number respectively.
Step 2: Subtract the units, tens, hundreds, thousands of smaller number from the unit, tens, hundreds and thousands of bigger number starting from right or units.
Step 3: The resulting numbers is the difference of the numbers. For Example.
Th H T O
7 9 8 6
- 5 6 1 2
2 3 7 4
= 2 3 7 4
The following steps are used for the subtraction of five digit numbers (76987 - 52312) without borrowing:
Step 1: 7 – 2 = 5. Write 5 under ones column.
Step 2: 8 – 1 = 7. Write 7 under tens column.
Step 3: 9 – 3 = 6. Write 6 under hundreds column.
Step 4: 6 – 2 = 4. Write 4 under thousands column.
Step 5: 7 – 5 = 2. Write 2 under thousands column.
T Th Th H T O
7 6 9 8 7
- 5 2 3 1 2
2 4 6 7 5
There are 4095 people in a cricket stadium. The total number of females in the stadium is 1070. What is the total number of males in the stadium?
(a) 3025
(b) 3026
(c) 3027
(d) 3045
(e) None of these
Answer (a)
Explanation
Total number of males in the stadium = 4095 -1070 = 3025.
Subtraction of Four and Five Digits Numbers with Borrowing
The following steps are used for the subtraction of four digit numbers (6748 - 5999) with borrowing:
Step 1: 9 > 8, hence, 9 cannot be subtracted from 8. Therefore, Borrowing 1 ten from 4 tens. Thus, more... 
Decimal Numbers and their Addition
A number with a decimal point is known as decimal number. The digit at right from decimal point is called whole part of the decimal number and digit at right side from the decimal point is called decimal part of the decimal number. In the decimal number 567.89, digits 567 are whole parts and digits 89 are decimal part. Place values of whole parts of decimal numbers are same as the place values of whole or natural numbers but the place values of decimal parts of the decimal numbers are read from left side and their place values are tenths, hundredth, thousandth, etc.
Three digits right after the decimal point are considered in the mathematical calculation.
The following steps are used for the addition of decimal numbers:
Step 1: Arrange the decimal numbers vertically, decimal numbers under decimal numbers and whole numbers under whole numbers.
Step 2: Add them starting from right of the decimal numbers.
Step 3: Carry over to the next addition.
Step 4: If carry is generated in the addition of tenth place digits then carry over to the addition of ones of the whole parts of the decimal numbers.
Step 5: Add the whole parts of the decimal numbers.
Look at the following addition:
Add Rs 123. 25, Rs 85.60 and Rs 48.75.
111 -
123.25
85.60
+48.75
Rs257.60
The cost of 1 kg of potatoes is Rs 12.50 and the cost of 2 kg of tomatoes is Rs 56.75. How much money is paid on purchasing 1 kg of potatoes and 2 kg of tomatoes?
(a) Rs 69.75
(b) Rs 69.25
(c) Rs 60.50
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (b)
Explanation
The total money paid
1
12.50
=56.75 = Rs 69.25.
69. 25
The addition of the terms 13a, 15b and 12a is:
(a) 25a+15b
(b) 15a + 15b
(c) Slab
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (a)
Explanation 13 a + 12 a + 15 b = 25 a + 15 b.
If x = 1 and y = 2, then find the value of 2x + 3y.
(a) 5
(b) 8
(c) 7
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (b)
.
There are 3 towns in a district. The population of the towns are 65786, 78976 and 32578. What is the total population of these three towns?
(a) 177340
(b) 177350
(c) 177800
(d) 207800
(e) None of more... 
Introduction
Addition is the basic arithmetic operation. The combination of two or more counted objects is represented by single notation is called addition. The symbol for the notation of addition is +. Peter has 4 flowers and John has 5 flowers then both have 4 + 5 = 9 flowers. Therefore, the addition of two different units cannot be expressed in single unit. In this chapter we will learn about the addition of numbers.
Addition of Numbers
Resulting sum of two or more numbers is called the addition of the numbers and the numbers those are in addition are called addends. In the addition of 456 + 567 = 1023. The numbers 456 and 567 are addends and resulting number 1023 is their sum. The process of addition of the numbers always starts from ones.
Addition of Four Digits Numbers without Carrying
The following steps are used for the addition of numbers 4784 and 3214:
Step 1: Add the ones 4 + 4 = 8. Write 8 under ones column.
Step 2: Add the tens 8 + 1 = 9. Write 9 under tens column.
Step 3: Add the hundreds 7 + 2 = 9. Write 9 under hundreds column.
Step 4: Add the thousands 4 + 3 = 7. Write 7 under thousands column.
Th H T O
4 7 8 4
+3 2 1 4
7 9 9 8
Hence, the addition of the numbers 4784 + 3214 = 7998.
In the addition of the number: 6523 and 2364. Which one of the following numbers is in the thousands place of the resulting addition?
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 6
(d) 5
(e) None of these
Answer (b)
Explanation The sum of the numbers, 6523 + 2364 = 8887
Addition of Four Digits Numbers with Carrying
The following steps are used for the addition of the numbers 7569 and 5984:
Step 1: Add the ones 9 + 4 = 13 = 1 tens + 3 ones. Write 3 under ones column and carry one tens to the tens column.
Step 2: Add the tens 6 + 8 + 1 (carry over) = 15 tens = 1 hundred + 5 tens.
Write 5 under tens column and carry 1 hundred to the hundreds column.
Step 3: Add the hundreds 5 + 9 + 1 (carry over) = 15 hundreds, = 1 thousand +5 hundreds.
Write 5 under hundreds column and carry 1 thousand to the thousand column.
Step 4: Add the thousands 7 + 5 + 1 (carry over) = 13 thousands.
more... 
A Rounding Numbers to the Nearest Ten
Rounding natural numbers to nearest ten means the given natural number is to be converted into its nearest 10. Rounding 14 to its nearest ten is 10. The nearest of 18 is 20 /therefore, on rounding 18 to its nearest ten the number 20 is obtained.
The salary of a worker in a company is Rs 4538. How much salary does the worker get in round figure to nearest 10?
(a) Rs 4530
(b) Rs 4500
(c) Rs 4540
(d) Rs 4340
(e) None of these
Answer (c)
Explanation: Rs 4538 = Rs 4500 + Rs 38. and the nearest 10 of 38 is 40.
Successor
Successor of a number is obtained by adding 1 to the number. The successor of 1 is
1 + 1 = 2. Therefore, the successor of the number N is N + 1.
What should be added to the following to get the successor of its resulting number: 5 + 6 + 7?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Answer (a)
Explanation 5 + 6 + 7 = 18 Hence, the successor of 18 = 18 + 1 = 19 which is obtained by adding 1 to the resulting number.
Predecessor
Predecessor of a number is obtained by subtracting 1 from the number. The predecessor of 4 = 4 - 1 = 3. Therefore, the predecessor of the number N is N - 1.
The predecessor of the resulting number of x + y + z is:
(a) (x + y + z)
(b) (x + y + z) - 1
(c) (x - 1) + y + z
(d) Both B and C
(e) None of these
Answer (d)
Explanations
Predecessor of 
Ascending Order
Ascending order of numbers in a group of numbers is the arrangement of numbers from smallest to biggest. In the ascending order of the numbers the smallest number comes first. The ascending order of the numbers: 45, 23, 34, 76, 87, 90 is 23 < 34 < 45 < 76 < 87 < 90.
There are five boxes and each box contains mangoes. The capacity of the given boxes with mangoes are 19 kg, 22 kg, 13 kg, 14 kg and 50 kg. Which one of the following options is the ascending order of the boxes?
(a) 22 kg < 50 kg < 14 kg < 19 kg < 13kg more... 
Introduction
Numbers are useful in counting quantities that we see around us in our daily life.
The numbers that we use our country is the Hindu - Arabic numerals. Aryabhatta developed the place value of Hindu Arabic numerals and Brahmagupta introduced the symbol for zero. Hindu Arabic numerals were basically developed in India and laterally accepted by Arabians so called Hindu Arabic numerals. In this chapter we will learn about Hindu - Arabic numbers and their comparison with Roman and International number system.
Natural Numbers
Counting numbers are known as natural numbers. There are infinite natural numbers starting from 1. Natural number is denoted by N.
Which one of the following numbers is not a natural number?
(a) -3
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 50
(e) None of these
Answer (a)
Whole Numbers
The counting numbers including 0 are known as whole numbers. If counting numbers start from 0 then they include the set of whole numbers. Whole number is denoted by W.
Prime Numbers
The number which has only two factors, 1 and the number itself is called prime number. The number 2 does not have the factors other than 1 therefore, 2 is a prime number. 2 is only from the group of even numbers which has only two factors, so it is called even prime number.
Look at the following table of prime numbers between 1 and 100:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | more...
 Developing Stories from Given Outlines
 Hints
A hunter aiming an arrow at a dove.........About to kill........steps on a snake He wanted.......better aim........bitten..........dies moral.
The Hunter and The Dove
A hunter saw a dove sitting among the branches of a tree. He wanted to kill the dove. So he raised his bow and aim at the bird. He wanted to take a better aim. So he stepped back a little. But unknowingly, he tepped on a snake. The snake bit him in the leg. Soon the poison spread in the whole body and he died. The dove as saved. It is true that if a person plans mischief to others, he himself falls a victim to it.
Moral: Strength lies in unity.
Hints
A lion resting in a jungle....... A mouse rolls over the lion...... The lion catches it...... .the mouse asks to be pardoned........ the lion caught in a trap......... roars for help ........the mouse cuts the net .......... the lion rescued.
The Reward of Kindness
It was a hot summer day. A lion was resting in the shade of a tree. A little mouse lived in a hole nearby. As the mouse came out of its hole, unfortunately it rolled over the body of the lion. The lion was very angry. It caught the mouse in the paw and was going to kill it. The mouse said, "I am sorry for disturbing you. But I never wanted to do so. Please 'pardon me. I am a small creature. But even I may be of help to you at some time in the future." The lion laughed at the words of the mouse but let it go. But could not get free. So it roared for help. The mouse heard the roar of the lion. It came rushing to the place. It nibbled the strings of the net in a short while. The lion got free it thanked the mouse.
Moral: As you sow, so shall you reap.
The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf
Once a shepherd boy thought of mischief. He called up, "Wolf I Wolf! Help me! Help me!" Farmers from nearby fields came to help him. He laughed and said that he was joking. He did the same the next day also. The farmers feltangry and insulted. One day a wolf really came. The boy called for help. Nobody came to help him. The wolf tore him to pieces and ate him up.
 more...  Introduction
Story writing is an art which can be learn by practice.
 Main points for writing a story
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