Current Affairs 3rd Class

Order and Ranking   Learning Objectives
  • To get aware of Ranking.
  • Increasing interest about this segment of reasoning.
  • Improving the general awareness.
  • Increasing the word power.
  Introduction Ranking is based on the arrangement of things in a particular order. The arrangement may be on the basis of their position, size, age etc.   Example-1   1.          A is shorter than B but taller than C. D is taller than A. E is shorter than C. Who amongst the following is the shortest? (a) D                             (b) C (c) E                                          (d) A (e) None of these Answer (c) is correct. Explanation: A < B, B > A > C, D > A, C > E   Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (c).  
  • A is taller than B but shorter than C. B is just as tall as D but taller than E, then D is:
  • (a) Just as tall as A        (b) Shorter than B (c) Taller than C             (d) Shorter than A (e) None of these Answer (d) is correct. Explanation: C > A > B,   B = D > E C > A > B = D > E                                                                               Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).  
  • A is taller than B. C is taller than A. D is taller than E but shorter than B. Who among the following is the tallest?
  • (a) E                             (b) D                                (c) A                              (d) C (e) None of these Answer (d) is correct. Explanation: C > A > B, B > D > E  C > A > B > D > E Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).  
  • In a office, Prem is senior of Raj and Raj is junior of Meena. Arun is senior of Prem and Radhey is senior of Arun. Who is the senior most?
  • (a) Meena                     (b) Arun (c) Prem                        (d) Radhey (e) None of these Answer (d) is correct. Explanation: Radhey > Arun > Prem/Meena>Raj Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).  
  • Prem is older than Arun but younger than Raj. Arun is older than Prakash but younger than Raj. Who is the oldest?
  • (a) Arun                         (b) Prakash (c) Prem                        (d) Raj (e) None of these Answer (d) is correct. Explanation: Raj > Prem > Arun > Prakash Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (d).   Direction (Q. No. 6 to 10): Study the following arrangement to answer the given questions   Y # 0 U 7 D $ V @ B E 8 © X 1 A C % P 2 4 Q I N 6 M * Z 5  
  • If all the numbers are dropped from the more...

  • Non-Verbal Reasoning   Learning Objectives
    • To get aware of non-verbal reasoning.
    • Increasing interest about this segment of reasoning,
    • To understand the logic of figures.
    • To be perfect in solving figure based problems,
      Non Verbal Reasoning Non-verbal reasoning is a figure based reasoning. It has no language at all. To solve non-verbal problems one has to find out the pattern of pictorial presentation in the given figure. To get more-clear concept about non-verbal reasoning, let us see the types of problems coming before you.   Mirror Images In a plane mirror, if we lift our right hand, the image in the mirror shows our left hand and if we lift our left hand, the image shows our right hand. Therefore, in a mirror image, the left part of an object becomes right part and the right part becomes left part. Left Hand Side (LHS) Right Hand Side (RHS) For example, Mirror Image of Capital Letters and Numbers (1 to 9):   Example-1   1.            Choose the option which most resembles the mirror image of the given combination. (a)                      (b) (c)                       (d) (e) None of these Answer (a) is correct. Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (a).   2.            Choose the options which most closely resembles the mirror image of the given combination. (a)                     (b) (c)                     (d) (e) None of these Answer (b) is correct. Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (b).   3.            Choose the options which most closely resembles the mirror image of the given combination. (a)                    (b) (c)                    (d) (e) None of these Answer (b) is correct. Rest of the options is incorrect because of the correctness of option (b).   4.            Choose the options which most closely resembles the mirror image of the given combination. more...

    Number System   Learning Objectives         
    • Number Types
    • Number Patterns
    • Divisibility Rules and Divisions
      Types of Number Numbers are classified according to their types. The first type of numbers is the counting numbers or the natural numbers and the next type of numbers is the whole numbers, which are the natural numbers together with zero. Let us study these two number types.   Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers   Natural Numbers Counting numbers are known as natural numbers. There are infinite natural numbers starting from 1. Natural numbers are denoted by N. Therefore, N = {1, 2, 3, 4,.....} The arrow-head on the right side shows the natural numbers counting upto infinite.   Whole Numbers                                                Counting numbers including 0 are known as whole numbers. If the counting numbers start from 0, then they include the set of whole numbers. Whole numbers are denoted by W. Therefore,                                                           W= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,......}                                                                                            The arrow-head on the right side shows the whole numbers counting up to infinite.    Ascending and Descending Order                        Ascending Order                                                     Numbers in a group are said to be in ascending order when they are arranged from the« smallest to the largest number. For example, the ascending order of the numbers: 45, 23, 34, 76, 87, 90 is 23 < 34 < 45 < 76 < 87 < 90.   Descending Order Numbers in a group are said to be in descending order when they are arranged from the largest to the smallest. For example, the descending order of the number: 56, 34, 46, 23, 55 is\[56>55>46>34>23\].   Face Value and Place Value We have already learnt about ones, tens and hundreds upto three places. Now, we will learn about the fourth place which is 'thousands' or 1000s. A number with thousands place will have four digits in it.   Face Value of a Digit                                                       The face value of a digit in a number is the value of the digit itself. Therefore, the face value of a number does not change on changing its place. For example, in the number 4673, the face value of 6 is 6. If the digit 6 changes its place from hundreds to tens (4763), then the face value of 6 remains same as 6.                                       Place value of a Digit The place value of a digit is the value of where the digit is in the number. The place value of a number changes according to the placement of digits in the number. The place value of 6 in the number 4673 is 600. On changing the place of 6 from 4673 to 4763, the place value of 6 changes from 600 to 60.   Number Facts
    • We use 10 digits 0, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 to form numbers.
    • If we use 4 digits, more...

    Algebra   Learning Objectives
    • Fractions
    • Time and Clock
    • Money
      Fractions                                             A fraction is a part of whole. There are two numbers to every fraction, which are called term. A line separates the two terms. Number above the line is called numerator and the number below the line is called denominator. Denominator of a fraction tells us how many parts the whole is divided into and the numerator tells us how many parts are taken out the whole. For example, in the fraction\[\frac{2}{5}\], 5 is denominator. So, the whole unit or one whole has been cut into 5 equal parts.                                          2 is the numerator. Now, 2 parts out of 5 parts is being talked about or 1 part is going to be shaded or taken out. Here, the number \[\frac{2}{5}\] is known as fractional number and its symbol \[\frac{2}{5}\] is called a fraction.                                          Types of Fractions There are several types of fractions. Let us study the fractions and their types.   Unit Fractions A fraction, whose numerator is 1, is called a unit fraction. For example, \[\frac{1}{5},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{9},\frac{1}{10}\]are unit fractions. Here, the denominators of all fractions are different but numerators are 1.             Like and Unlike Fractions Fractions in which the denominators are same, are called the like fractions and the fractions in which denominators are different, are called unlike fractions. For example, \[\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3},\frac{4}{3}\]are like fractions and \[\frac{2}{5},\frac{7}{4},\frac{3}{8}\] are unlike fractions.   Operations with Fractions   Addition of Like Fractions Suppose two fractions are \[\frac{1}{5}\] and \[\frac{3}{5}\] and we have to add them.                                     So, we have, \[\frac{1}{5}+\frac{3}{5}=\frac{1+3}{5}=\frac{4}{5}\] Therefore, the sum of like fractions \[=\frac{Sum\text{ }of\text{ }Numerators}{Common\text{ }Denominator}\]   Word Problems Based on Fractions A fraction is defined as a portion of the whole. It is made up of two numbers: Numerator and Denominator. Fraction is a small amount of whole quantity. For example, if a piece of wire is divided into three parts, then each part is one-third part or \[\frac{1}{3}\] part of whole. The word problems involving fractions are usually based on real-life. Let us look at the following problems based on fractions.   Time and Clock                                      Time is important to plan our day. Time is the ongoing sequence of events. We use time to order events in the past, present and future. Time is passing non-stop. We use a clock or watch to measure time. Time is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years with the help of clocks and calendars.               Indian Currency                                   Currency is a generally accepted form of money, including coins and paper notes. Different countries uses different currencies. Indian currency is know as Rupees. Symbol for Indian rupees is ‘Rs.’ and Symbol for Indian paise is 'p'. We write 78 rupees as Rs.78 and 50 paise as 50 p. There are 100 paise in one rupee. Suppose we have rupees one hundred four and more...

    Geometry   Learning Objectives
    • Point
    • Line Segment
    • Line
    • Angle
    • Triangle
    • Quadrilateral
    • Circle
    • Radius
      Introduction There are shapes all around us. Shapes can be plane and solid. Lines, rays, line segments are basic concept of geometrical shapes. Geometry is a part of Mathematics which deals with points lines, rays, and line segments. The word 'Geometry' comes from the Greek word 'Geo’ means earth and 'Metria’ means measure. In this chapter, we will learn about the basic geometrical shapes.   Classifying Shapes We recognize geometrical shapes by their appearances without paying attention to their component parts such as sides and angles.   Plane Shapes and Solid Shapes                                     Shapes can be either plane or solid. Let us compare the plane shapes and solid shapes.                        
    Plane Shape Solid Shape
    (a) they are two dimension (2D) shape  (a) they are three dimension (3D) shape
    (b) They are only length and breadth but no thickness   (b) They have length breadth but no thickness  
    (c) They have only one face (c) They have many face
    (d) They do not occupy volume. (d) They occupy volume.
    (e) For example: e) For example:
      Solid Geometrical Shapes Cube, cuboid, cylinder, sphere and cone are examples of solid geometrical shapes. more...

    Measurement   Learning Objectives                             
    • Units of Measurement                                
    • Measurement of Mass
    • Measurement of Capacity
      Introduction The act or process of measuring something is called measurement. Measurement is the elementary information about everything. Length, width, height and capacity (volume) of a thing are measured in appropriate units. In this chapter, we will learn about the concept of measurement.                                                       Units of Measurement The metric system was introduced to measure length, mass (weight) and capacity (volume). The modern form of the metric system is known as SI Unit or the International   System of Units.                                                                                                        
    SI units or Base Units
    Physical Qualities SI Unit
    Length Metre (m)
    Mass Kilometre (kg)
    Time Second (s)
    Some units of measurement obtained by multiplication or division of the SI units and are called derived units. For example, unit of speed is metre per second (m/s) or kilometre per hour (km/ h) is a derived unit.   Measurement of Length and Distance The shape and size of everything is measured by a measuring instrument. Rulers are well known devices for the Measurement of length. Measured lengths are expressed in units. The units for measured lengths are kilometre (km), metre (m), centimetre (cm) and millimetre (mm). Small lengths are measured in metre, centimetre and millimertre. The length of our one finger is measured in inches, centimetres or in millimetres but the distance between two cities is measured in kilometres. The standard unit used to measure any length or distance is the metre for which we use W. To convert metres into centimetres, we multiply metre by 100, therefore, 100 cm = 1 m. To convert kilometres into metres, we multiply kilometre by 1000, thus 1000 m = 1 Kilometre.   more...
    Data Handling   Learning Objective
    • Introduction
    • Data
    • Pictograph
    • Bar Graph
      Introduction Everyday we come across a lot of information in the form of numerical figures, tables and graphs. These are provided by newspapers, televisions, magazines and other means of communication. The term "data handling' is all about gathering information and representing the same through pictographs and diagrams. In this chapter, we will study about pictograph and bar graph, and how to extract information’s contained by the graphs.   Data A collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things is called data. Data can be represented graphically to give clear idea of what it represents. It is easier to interpret and organise data using pictorial representation some of the way data can be represented pictorially are: (1) Pictograph                     (2) Bar graph   Pictograph A picture used to represent an item of data is called a symbol. A pictograph is way of showing data using pictures. In a pictograph, lots of simple pictures as symbols are used to given information, where a key is provided to tell what quantity is represented by each symbol. Generally pictographs are used to represent less information. In a pictograph, we will need to look at the key carefully to determine how many items or quantities are represented by each symbol.   Suppose the following data were collected about favorite colours of students of a class.            
    Red
    Blue
    Green
    Yellow
    White more...
    Me and My Family   Interesting Facts
    •           The word family is from the latin word ?famulus? meaning ?a servant?
    •           In joint families, you learn the true meaning of ?sharing is caring?
    •           In a joint family, all members are equally sharing all expenses, so the burden of work will not be felt by any single person.
      Family: A family is a group of people who are related to each other. Nuclear family: When parents (mother and father) and their children live together in a house, it is called a nuclear family. Nuclear family can be small or big. Kiara's family is a small nuclear family as she lives with her parents and brother, Aarav. Ria, who is Kiara's friend, has a big nuclear family because she lives with her two brothers and parents.   Joint family: A family in which grandparents, parents, uncles, aunts and cousins live together in the same house is called as a joint family.   Do you know?
    •          Parents and family form child?s first relationships
    •          Family provides all members with security, identity and value regardless of age.
    •          Family inculcates those values in us which are to stay with as till the end of our life.
      Single parent family: Single-parent family consists of only one parent (either father or mother and his/her children. In such a family, children are raised by a single parent.   more...

    Our Surroundings   Interesting Fact
    •              Murlidhar Devidas Amte was an Indian social worker known for help people suffering from leprosy.
      Professions: Profession is a type of job that requires special education, training or skill.   NAME OF PROFESSIONS   1.            Accountant: They keep track of how money is earned and spent.   2.            Architect: They drew up the blueprints for the buildings.   3.            Chef: The chef prepared a marvelous four course meal.   4.            Electrician: We need to call an electrician to come and fix the wiring.   5.            Farmer: The farmer sold his vegetables at the local farmer's market.   6.            Judge: Judge make serious decisions when sentencing criminals who are found guilty.   7.            Doctor: A doctor treat the patients when they fall ill.   8.            Nurse: Nurses make sure patients needs are taken care of in hospitals.   9.            Pilot; A pilot flew the airplane.   10.          Builders: The builder finished the home in record time.   PLACES OF WORSHIP                1.            Church: Christians pray to God in church. They pray to Jesus Christ and the Bible is their holy book. A Christian prayer is called a service and their priest is called a clergyman.   2. more...

    Our Body   Interesting Facts
    •          Human body also has a tail but it is very short, stubby bone at the base of the backbone.
    •          More people have brown eyes than blue.
    •          Your sense of hearing depends on tiny hair deep inside your ear. If you lose your hearing.
      ORGANS     Our body is made up of cells. Cells are the smallest unit of life which join together and form tissues. Many similar tissues combine together and perform a common function called an organ.   Sense organs: As we already know that we have five sense organs in our body which help us to know the world around us. Let us study each of them in detail-  
    1 Eyes: The eyes help you to see things.
    •        Some people cannot see things properly, whether it is nearby or at a distance or both. They have to wear spectacles.
    •       Blind people use different kinds of books for reading. It is known as ?braille? dost are raised on paper and blind people can read these dots by touching the paper.     
    2 Ears: you hear different kinds of more...


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