MP State Exams

  Chapter - 1 Madhya Pradesh: Introduction   Madhya Pradesh is a state of vivid culture, historical places, hill stations, and rich wildlife experiences. Madhya Pradesh which is also known as Hriday Pradesh lies in the middle of [India and shares its borders with five neighboring states. Spread over an area of 3,08,252 kilometer square covering 52 districts, MP has varied topographic and climatic characteristics. The state is completely landlocked. The state covers wide area of Indian plateau regions. The state is endowed with rich natural resources and fertile agro climatic conditions.     Madhya Pradesh forms part of peninsular plateau of India, lying in north central part. Most of the sate lies on the table land of Central India, which is a part more...

  Chapter-2 Geology   Geology is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface, and the processes that have shaped that structure. It also provides tools to determine the relative and absolute ages of rocks found in a given location, and also to describe the history of those rocks.   In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and providing insights into past climate change.   Geologically, Madhya Pradesh was a part of Gondwanaland. As Madhya Pradesh is the oldest portion of the Earth, it has witnessed structural changes through various times. There had been some geological more...

  CHAPTER - 3  Physiography   In terms of physical structure, the northern central part of the peninsular plateau of India falls in Madhya Pradesh. To the east is the plains of Chhattisgarh, the Aravalli ranges and the high region of eastern Rajasthan on the western border, the Tapti river valley and the vast plateau of Maharashtra on the southern border and the northern boundary of this plateau area of Madhya Pradesh is formed by the Ganga-Yamuna plains, only a little part of this plain comes in the border of Madhya Pradesh. The northern boundary of the state is formed by Chambal River and the southern boundary by the Tapti River. Madhya Pradesh can be classified in the following parts in terms of location, climate, soil, agriculture, minerals, vegetation etc. On the basis of surface features, there are more...

  CHAPTER - 4 CLIMATE   Madhya Pradesh is located in center of India, with wide latitudinal and longitudinal spread which affects the climate of the state to a great extent.   Madhya Pradesh has a latitudinal spread of 870 km from east to west for this reason varied climatic conditions prevail over the state.              Presence of Tropic of Cancer responsible for making climate of Madhya Pradesh tropical, which passes through 14 districts located in the central part of Madhya Pradesh. districts are Ratlam, Ujjain, Agar-Malwa, Rajgarh, Sehore, Bhopal, Vidisha, Raisen, Sagar, Damoh, Katni, Jabalpur, Umaria and Shahdol.    Madhya Pradesh is located in a sub-tropical climate region and has a tropical mansoon climate. The climate of Madhya Pradesh is governed by a monsoon weather pattern. The distinct seasons are summer (March through May), winter (November through February), and the intervening rainy months of the more...

  CHAPTER-5 NATURAL VEGETATION   Natural vegetation is a plant cover that develops with little or no human interference. It is subject to natural forces, storms, or fires that can modify or even destroy it. Natural vegetation here refers to the natural forest, which in general defines a community of living trees and associated organisms, covering a considerable area, utilizing sunshine, air, water, and earthly materials to attain maturity and to reproduce itself; it is capable of furnishing humankind with indispensable products and services.   Forest played a major role in environment conservation. They also maintain ecological stability and biological diversity. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources.   Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state of the country with an area of 3,08,252 sq km which is 9.38% of the geographical area of country. According to the India State of Forest Report more...

  CHAPTER-6 SOIL   Soils form an important part of the physical landscape of any region and linked with other components of physical landscape e.g. landforms, natural vegetation and the climate. Soil is the thin layer of minerals covering the earth's surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. It is made up mainly of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water and living organisms- all are interact with each other slowly but constantly. Soil can be defined as the surface material accumulated on the bedrock over a period of time. It is made up of fine mineral fragments provided by the weathering of rocks and organic matter obtained from the remains of plants and animals. Soils are dynamic in their character and subject to change in its physical as well as chemical properties, under the influence of the local environmental and anthropological conditions.   Composition more...

  CHAPTER-7 MINERAL RESOURCES   Minerals are one of the most important constituents for the industrial development of the Nation and State. The extensive rock system found in Madhya Pradesh has various types of minerals lying under them. The Purana rocks in the Vindhyas, Bijawar and Gwalior group of rocks are abundant in limestone, dolomite and phosphorus. These rocks also have underlying bed of Kimberlitic rocks having diamonds. The Gondwana group of rocks has sandstone and coal in abundance.   Minerals   Minerals are naturally occurring homogeneous solid with a definite chemical composition and a highly ordered atomic arrangement; it is usually formed by inorganic processes. To meet the definition of "mineral" a substance must meet five requirements:  

• Naturally occurring
• more...

  CHAPTER-8 ENERGY RESOURCES   Energy is the capacity to do work and is required for life processes. Energy is the fundamental resource for the development and the progress of any region. Energy consumption and development are synonymous. If any state is rich in energy resources, it has direct impact on industrial development, economic development and standard of living.   An energy resource is something that can produce heat, power, move objects, or produce electricity. Energy resources are all forms of fuels used in the modem world, either for heating, generation of electrical energy, or for other forms of energy conversion processes.   On the basis of generation, energy sources can be classified into two types: Nonrenewable and Renewable. On the basis of the uses the energy sources can be classified as the Commercial energy and Noncommercial energy.   Nonrenewable resources Non-renewable energy is a source more...

  CHAPTER-9 INDUSTRIES   The industries of Madhya Pradesh provide a firm basis to the economy of Madhya Pradesh. According to Economic Survey 2018-19, the contribution of industries in the state's GDP is 23.87% in 2016-17. Madhya Pradesh is on 7th place in terms of industrial development. Madhya Pradesh has a strong base of mineral resources and accounts for 14% of India's total cement production. The state has an oil refinery at Bina with an annual capacity of 6 MMT. The installed power capacity of the state is over 23,400 MW; 35% of which is contributed by renewable energy sources. The state is a leading producer of a variety of horticulture crops and offers lucrative opportunities for food processing industries. The state also offers opportunities in textile manufacturing, automobiles, food processing, soya processing, engineering and agriculture equipment manufacturing, among others. According to the Ease of Doing more...

  CHAPTER-10 TRIBES   The term 'Tribe' is derived from the Latin word 'tribes'. Earlier Romans used this term to designates the divisions in society. The tribes in India constitute approximate 9% part of the total population. It represents an element in Indian society which is integrated with the culture mosaic of our civilization. The present popular meaning of 'Tribe' in India refers to a category of people, included in the list of Scheduled Tribes. The term "Scheduled Tribes" First mention in "Government of India Act, 1935", than after it was included in the Constitution of India in 1950. The term Adivasi also applies to indigenous people of this area. Adivasi term firstly used by Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar, popularly known as Thakkar Bapa.     Tribes are relatively isolated from larger cultural influences, have a relative cultural homogeneity more...