Category : JEE Main & Advanced
Let \[A=[{{a}_{ij}}]\]be a square matrix of order \[n\] and let \[{{C}_{ij}}\]be cofactor of \[{{a}_{ij}}\]in A. Then the transpose of the matrix of cofactors of elements of A is called the adjoint of A and is denoted by adj A
Thus, \[adj\]\[A={{[{{C}_{ij}}]}^{T}}\Rightarrow {{(adj\,A)}_{ij}}={{C}_{ji}}=\]cofactor of \[{{a}_{ji}}\]in A.
If \[A=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{a}_{11}} & {{a}_{12}} & {{a}_{13}} \\ {{a}_{21}} & {{a}_{22}} & {{a}_{23}} \\ {{a}_{31}} & {{a}_{32}} & {{a}_{33}} \\\end{matrix} \right],\] then \[adj\,A={{\left[ \begin{matrix} {{C}_{11}} & {{C}_{12}} & {{C}_{13}} \\ {{C}_{21}} & {{C}_{22}} & {{C}_{23}} \\ {{C}_{31}} & {{C}_{32}} & {{C}_{33}} \\\end{matrix} \right]}^{T}}=\left[ \begin{matrix} {{C}_{11}} & {{C}_{21}} & {{C}_{31}} \\ {{C}_{12}} & {{C}_{22}} & {{C}_{32}} \\ {{C}_{13}} & {{C}_{23}} & {{C}_{33}} \\\end{matrix} \right];\] where \[{{C}_{ij}}\]denotes the cofactor of \[{{a}_{ij}}\]in A.
Example : \[A=\left[ \begin{matrix} p & q \\r & s \\\end{matrix} \right],\,{{C}_{11}}=s,\,{{C}_{12}}=-r,\,{{C}_{21}}=-q,\,{{C}_{22}}=p\] \[\therefore adj\,A={{\left[ \begin{matrix} s & -r \\ -q & p \\\end{matrix} \right]}^{T}}=\left[ \begin{matrix} s & -q \\ -r & p \\\end{matrix} \right]\]
Properties of adjoint matrix : If A, B are square matrices of order \[n\] and \[{{I}_{n}}\]is corresponding unit matrix, then
(i) \[A(adj\,A)=|A|{{I}_{n}}=(adj\,A)A\]
(Thus A (adj A) is always a scalar matrix)
(ii) \[|adj\,A|=|A{{|}^{n-1}}\]
(iii) \[adj\,(adj\,A)=|A{{|}^{n-2}}A\]
(iv) \[|adj\,(adj\,A)|\,=\,|A{{|}^{{{(n-1)}^{2}}}}\]
(v) \[adj\,({{A}^{T}})={{(adj\,A)}^{T}}\]
(vi) \[adj\,(AB)=(adj\,B)(adj\,A)\]
(vii) \[adj({{A}^{m}})={{(adj\,A)}^{m}},m\in N\]
(viii) \[adj(kA)={{k}^{n-1}}(adj\,A),k\in R\]
(ix) \[adj\,({{I}_{n}})={{I}_{n}}\]
(x) \[adj\,(O)=O\]
(xi) A is symmetric \[\Rightarrow \] adj A is also symmetric.
(xii) A is diagonal \[\Rightarrow \] adj A is also diagonal.
(xiii) A is triangular \[\Rightarrow \] adj A is also triangular.
(xiv) A is singular \[\Rightarrow \] \[|adj\,\,A|=0\]
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