Archives August 2013

Our country had been under the British rule for about two hundred years. This long term foreign rule suppressed India and his people ruthlessly and it seemed for a while that she (India) would never raise her head in the free air. But Mahatma Gandhi's efforts and his right direction made it possible and the Britishers went to their home land for good. India got independence in 1947. Since then the leaders and the politicians have been trying their best to improve the condition of the masses. Many achievements have been made already but still there are many more to achieve for the alround development of India. In the economic field, unprecedented progress has been made so far. Our five-year plans have been successfully completed with shining results. Many multipurpose projects such as Bhakra Nangal, Hirakund and Damodar valley projects, etc. have been taken in hand and completed in time. more...

Wrapping up warm to toil against the elements has one problem: you can get too warm. Donning a fleece or heavy overcoat might protect you from the wind and rain, but any serious physical exertion will leave you hot and sweaty. Step forward GORE-TEX* a synthetic fabric that keeps you dry while allowing theskin to breathe. GORE-TEX" is produced by expanding polytetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE)-a polymer comprising long carbon-fluorine chains—under high temperature. The material contains many pores, allowing perspiration from the wearer to evaporate and escape. The pores arc, however, much too small to allow passage of water droplets, rendering the material impenetrable to the elements. For comfort and protection, the special membrane is normally sandwiched between several fabric layers. The invention of GORE-TEX* was a family effort; it was developed by Wilbert L. Gore (1912-1986) and his son Robert W. Gore, plus Rowena Taylor. In 1958, Gore Senior and his wife more...

Hobbies enable us to spend our leisure hours. Different people can have different type of hobbies. Hobbies bring occupation in our idle hours. They keep us away from bad habits. They help us to forget our pains and loneliness of life. Sometimes it may help us in bringing a considerable amount of money, but money can never be supposed as a profession. Hobbies depend upon the taste and tendencies of the individual there are many types of hobbies, stamp  Collection, coins collection, motor-driving, kite flying, swimming, cooking, gardening, photography etc . The hobbies keep on changing with passage of life. We have different hobbies in our childhood- They change as we mature and go on changing with the passage of time. The pursuits of childhood always diverts with the passage of time. As I am a lover of nature gardening is my favourite hobby. Our house is very spacious. We more...

A rat is a very common creature. It is found everywhere in the world. It is a very small creature. A rat has four legs, two eyes, two ears and a long tail. It has small sharp claws at the end of the legs. Its tiny teeth are also very sharp. It is normally gray in colour. A rat lives in holes in fields and houses. It lives mainly on grains like rice and wheat. A rat is a very mischievous creature. It causes a great harm and damage to property. It keeps gnawing at everything that it may get. Actually, its teeth continue to grow, due to which it has to keep gnawing.                          A rat is very dangerous too. It carries germs of different dreadful diseases like plague. This disease sometimes breaks out in the form of more...

"The key to success is to risk thinking unconventional thoughts. Convention is the enemy of progress." Trevor Baylis The evolution of the battery-free radio is a curiously British success story. The tale begins in 1991 with part- time inventor Trevor Baylis (b. 1937) watching a television documentary about the spread of AIDS in Africa. It suggested that the epidemic could only be halted through education. A major problem, however. was that poverty and a lack of basic technology made communication to remote parts of Africa difficult. Baylis saw an immediate solution—a simple and cheap radio set that required no household current or battery power to operate. Crudely cobbling together parts from an old transistor radio, a small electric motor from a toy car, and the clockwork mechanism from a music box, he created a prototype powered by a clockwork wind-up mechanism that drove a tiny internal electrical generator. Fully wound, more...

The Indian Constitution, which stands for national goals like Democracy, Socialism, Secularism and National Integrating  was framed by the representatives of Indian people after  long period of debates and discussions. It is the most detailed  constitution in the world. No other constitution has gone into such minute details as the Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India was framed by a Constituent Assembly which was established in 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected President of the Constituent Assembly. A Drafting Committe was appointed to draft the Constitution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was appointed the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. The Assembly met for 166 days spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 Days. The Constitution was adopted on  26 November, 1949. It came into force on 26 January, 1950. It had incorporated some of the salient features of the British, Irish, Swiss, French, Canadian and the American Constitutions. more...

Fundamental rights are basic human rights. These rights are considered necessary for the development of the  personality of an individual. Without the enjoyment of these rights the happiness and development of the individual is not possible. They are included in our constitution so that every citizen can enjoy them and no one is able to encroach upon them. The Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights and these form very important part of the constitution. These fundamental rights are-(i') Right to Equality, (n) Right to Freedom [Hi) Right against Exploitation, {iv} Right to Freedom of Religion, [v) Cultural and Educational Rights and (w) Right to Constitutional Remedies. Every citizen in a democratic country needs these rights in order to grow as a balanced and responsible citizens. The constitution guarantees that all citizens will be equally protected by the laws of the country. It means that the state cannot discriminate against a citizen more...

"I don't own a cell phone or a pager. I just hang around everyone I know, all the time." Mitch Hedberg, comedian Alfred J. Gross (1918-2000), inventor of the pager, had a lifelong passion for communication devices. As a boy he built his own radio set from junk materials, and, by the age of sixteen, he had earned his amateur radio operator's license, the beginning of a career in the radio communications industry. The pager was originally developed as a tool for the medical profession, and was first introduced in a New York hospital. The devices responded to specific high-frequency radio signals and beeped to alert doctors to an emergency. They were not well received in the medical profession, however, with some doctors complaining that the beeping of the device would annoy patients, or even interrupt their golf swing. But the pager soon proved to be a useful device and more...

"[The glory] belongs to the author of the experiments made on the River Saone at Lyons in 1783" Robert Fulton on De Jouffroy's steamboat It is not uncommon for the American Robert Fulton (1765-1815) to be heralded as the inventor of the steamboat, but in actuality the true creative force behind its invention was a young French aristocrat, Claude-Francois-Dorothee, Marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans (1751-1832). De Jouffroy d'Abbans, according to legend, was wild and unruly, resulting in his incarceration in a military prison on the Isle of St. Marguerite. While he was there he studied the boats passing by and developed an interest in engineering. On his release he went to Paris and studied with the Perier brothers, examining the Watt steam engine and devising methods in which it could be applied to propelling a vessel. He began work on an experimental boat, a steamship called the Palmipede, which he ran more...

The first attempt at a commercial surround system for the cinema is thought to be Disney's Fantasound. It was developed in 1939 at the inception of Walt Disney (1901-1966) himself, to accompany Fantasia, his projected hybrid of animation and classical music. Disney, who was dissatisfied with the quality of existing motion-picture sound, worked closely with conductor Leopold Stokowski, who himself had played a pioneering role in some of the first stereo recording experiments in the early 1930s. Disney's aim was less to create a surround panorama than to produce a cleaner, more distinct sound. Thus, nine independent optical recorders were used, each with its own microphones, to record different parts of the orchestra and soundtrack elements. These would then be replayed through independent speakers placed at different points behind the screen and around the perimeter of the theater. Fantasound, as it had by then been christened, was used at the more...