The sun always rises in the East and sets in the West.
Four Other Directions:
There are four other directions which lie in between the four main directions.
These are: North-East (N-E), North-West (N-W), South-East (S-E), South-West (S-W)
Two Cyclic Directions:
There are two cyclic directions namely clockwise and anticlockwise.
The direction in which the hands of a clock move is called clockwise direction while its opposite direction is called anticlockwise direction as shown below.
EXAMPLE
Priya goes 12 km towards North from a fixed point and then she goes 8 km towards South from there. In the end she goes 3 km towards East. How far and in which direction is she from her starting point?
(a) 5 km, North-East (b) 5 km. West
(c) 7 km, West (d) 7 km. East
Explanation (a):
Let Priya starts from the point P and reach Q.
Then from Q, she returns to R. At the end she goes from R to S.
Clearly, Priya is finally at S.
S is in North-East of P.
In APRS, ZPRS =
Using Pythagoras theorem, we get
Thus Priya is 5 km away from the initial point in North-East of the initial point.
So the correct option is (a). 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (d):
Gas, liquid and solid all the three are different states of a substance.
Therefore the desired Venn diagram is:
So, the correct option is (d).
2. In the following diagram, the square represents women, triangle represents corporate managers and circle represents MBAs. Which numbered part represents MBA corporate managers who are women?
(a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 10
Explanation (a):
MBA corporate managers who are women are represented by the common region to circle, triangle and square, which is 6.
So, the correct option is (a). 
x = 20
There are 16-9=7 boys ahead of Karim. '
Number of boys after Karim =20-1 -7=12
Time Sequence Test:
To solve the time based problems the following information are very useful.
.
Whenever two or more of these operations occur simultaneously, we overcome on such complex situation by applying the 'B 0 D M A S' rule.
This chapter is on the basis of the 'B 0 D M A S' rule. Let us explain this rule briefly.
We solve an expression first for 'bracket'(if available), then for of (if available). This process goes up to subtraction.
EXAMPLE
Which one of the four interchanges in signs and numbers would make the equation 
true?
(a) 2 and 3, 
and 
(b) 6 and 2, 
and
(c) 3 and 6, and = (d) 3 and 6, and
Explanation (d):
By applying given interchanges, we get option (d) which satisfies the equation.
becomes 
which is true.
So the correct option is (d).
Fig.: Chessboard
EXAMPLE
Count the number of parallelograms in the given figure.
(a) 15 (b) 12
(c) 10 (d) 9
Explanation (a):
The figure may be labelled as shown in the adjoining figure.
The parallelograms composed of one component each are LMHJ and BDFM i.e., 2 in number.
The parallelograms composed of two components each are ABML and HGFM i.e., 2 in number.
The parallelograms composed of three components each are LBHI, LBEF, BDGH, DFLA, BCFH, KLFH, ABHJ and LFGJ i.e., 8 in number.
The parallelograms composed of six components each are LCFI, KBEH and ADGJ i.e., 3 in number.
\[\therefore \]Total number of parallelograms =2+2+8+3=15.
So the correct option is (a).
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (c):
The black circle in the left side of the diagonal in the given image will reach right side of the diagonal in the mirror image.
WATER IMAGES
The water image of an object is the vertically inverted (upside down) of the object. The position of the water layer is horizontally just below the object.
2. Choose the correct water image of the given combination of letters and digits.
P Q 8 A F 5 B Z 9
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (a):
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (c):
Option (c) exactly embeds the given figure (X) as its part.
So the correct option is (c).
FIGURE FORMATION
This section deals with the following types of problems:
I. Formation of a Figure from its Segments: In such type of problems, all the parts that are required to form a figure are given. A candidate requires to identify the figure so formed out of the four options.
II. Choosing a Pattern which has the same components as a given Pattern : In such type of problems, a pattern of several components is given. A pattern out of four options contains the same components. A candidate requires to choose such pattern.
III. Rotation of a Figure: In such type of problems, a figure is given. A figure out of four options is the same figure as the given one, but this is obtained after rotating the given figure. A candidate requires to identify such figure.
2. Find out which of the figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) can be formed from the pieces given in figure (X).
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (c):
Clearly, the right half of the sheet X is put on the left half.
The combination of the design in left half and mirror image of the design in the right half will appears on the folded sheet.
CUTTING A FOLDED PAPER
In such type of problems a paper is folded twice or thrice. Then one or more pieces of it are cut.
After this the paper is absolutely unfolded.
In this situation the paper has many cuts or holes on it. So it contains a pattern.
A student is required to identify a figure from given four options, that shows the unfolded form of sheet.
Usually, the paper sheet is folded along the dotted lines marked on it. And arrows show the directions of folds.
2. There are three figures marked X, Y and Z. Figures X and Y show the two consecutive folds of a square sheet of paper. And figure Z shows the cuts on the folded paper.
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (a):
So, the correct option is (a). 
Cube:
Cube is a cuboid which has 6 identical faces.
Dice:
A dice is a cube whose each face bears points or numbers from 1 to 6.
EXAMPLE
Count the number of cubes in the following figure.
(a) 28 (b) 32
(c) 36 (d) 40
Explanation (a) :
Number of cubes in the bottom layer = 5
Number of cubes in the next layer = 8.
Number of cubes in the next layer = 9
Number of cubes in the topmost layer = 6
\[\therefore \] Total number of cubes =5+8+9+6= 28
2. Here two positions of a dice are shown. If there are four dots in the bottom, then how many dots will be on the top?
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 6
Explanation (b) :
A student requires here the number of points opposite four points.
Four points are showing in both the positions of dice.
So none of 1 point, 2 points, 5 points and 6 points is opposite to 4 points.
Therefore the required number of points is 3.
So the correct option is (b).
3. A solid cube of each side 8 cm has been painted on all the faces. It is then cut into cubical blocks of each side 2 cm. How many cubes have only two faces painted?
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 24 (d) 32
Explanation (c):
Number of cubes each having only two faces painted are on each 12 edges.
Therefore number of cubes having two faces painted is 24.
4. The sheet of paper shown in the figure (X). Choose a box from the four options that is similar to the box that formed.
more... 
(a) 
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
Explanation (b):
In Fig. (X), there are two dots and four geometrical figures - square, rectangle, circle and triangle. Out of the two dots:
(i) One dot lies in the region common to the circle and the square only.
(ii) One dot lies in the region common to all the four figures, i.e. square, rectangle, circle and triangle.
Now, out of the four alternatives, only figure (b) has two different types of regions as shown below.
So the correct answer is (b).
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