Current Affairs Essays

Kabasaheb Ambedkar has undoubtedly been the central figure tit the epistemology of the Dalit universe. It is difficult to imagine anything serious or important in their collective life is totally untouched by Ambedkar. For the Dalit masses he is everything together; a scholar par excellence in the realm of scholarship, a Moses or messiest who led his people out of bondage and ignominy on to the path of pride and a Bodhisaltva in the pantheon of Buddhism. He is always bedecked with superlatives; guile like God, whatever may be the context in Dalit circles. It is not difficult to see the reason behind the obeisance and reverence that Dalits have for Ambedkar. They see him as one who devoted every moment of his life thinking about and struggling for their emancipation, who took the might of the establishment head on in defense of their cause; who sacrificed all the comforts and conveniences ROf life that were quite within his reach to be on their side; who conclusively disproved theory of caste based superiority by rising lobe the tallest amongst the tall despite enormous odds and finally as one who held forth the torch to illuminate the path of their future. Few in the history of millenniums of their suffering had so much as looked at them as humans and sympathized with them as fellow beings. He was their own among these few. It was he who forsook his high pedestal, climbed down to their level, gave them a helping hand and raised them to human stature. It is a commonplace occurrence to see dolts right from the humble landless laborer, in villages to the highly placed bureaucrats in corridors of power, emotionally attributing their all to him. They all believe that but for him, they would still be living like their fore fathers with spittoons around their necks and broom sticks to their behind.  It is thus natural for Dalits to place him at the centre as their beacon and conduct Iheir collective affairs as directed by its beam. This beam, however, is not monochromatic like a laser beam, to use an analogy from physics, but is composed of many light frequencies, the filters for which are controlled not by the masses but by some others. They manipulate this beam as per their desire, sometimes letting some frequencies pass and sometimes some other. They could selectively amplify some part and de- amplify the other and present an entirely different spectrum. What reaches the masses? Thus, is not the holistic and true picture of 'Ambedkar' but its part, sometimes a distorted part. Carefully filtered out and amplified by the' technicians'. This fragmented and false Ambedkar is what reaches the masses. For them, Ambedkar is no more a histoncal personality named Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. He is already metamorphosed I into a symbol—a symbol for their collective aspiration and an icon for the thesis of I their emancipation. Because for more...

"Common  Afghanistan  may treat themselves most unfortunate people for wily natty they are caught ill the whirlpool of one war after another and battered by one drought after another and became _    the easy pawn in the chess game being played by countries, earlier the P    Soviet Union and now the Britain, USA". The bigoted rulers of Taliban regime, had withdrawn all fundamental rights of the people and put the country into a state of medieval barbarism and made it a safe. haven for the terrorists. The suicidal terrorist attack in the USA in Sept 2001, at the behest and masterminding of Osamabin Laden and his ilk forced the United States to initiate action against Afghanistan. The attack of USA on the Taliban with all its deadly weapons added more miseries and destructions to the Afghanis. Laces of Afghans took shelter in neighboring Pakistan; hundreds of Afghanis were killed in the US air strikes and the ground war during the attack. The defeat of Taliban was greeted with spontaneous exultations of common people in Afghanistan and it made the people fairly hope that things would improve but there couldn't be worse nightmare than Taliban. Meanwhile with the falling of bKandhar Osamabin Laden took shelter at some unknown place, an agreement was signed at Bonn in Germany by delegations representing four rival Afghan factions in early Dec. 2001 providing the war torn country with an opportunity to take on new life. As per the agreement a 29 member interim administration would rule for six months when a special independent commission will convene Loya Jirga, the traditional assembly to elect a transitional government to rule for about two years until a constitution is drawn up and elections are held. The agreement allowed a Pashatun leader to occupy the post of Prime Minister and 11 seats out of 29, to this ethnic group in the provisional executive government. Mr. Hamid Karzai was chosen the head of the interim government. He is an Afghan aristocrat and a leader of the powerful Popalzai clan, one of the four main tribe so the Pashtu ethnic group, that dominates Southern Afghanistan.  Mr. Karzai command due respect in his clan and regarded as a leader of new generation. His father Abdullah Ahad Karzai served for several years in the Afghan parliament as a close Mediate of the royal family. Mr. Abdullah Ahad Karzai was killed by Taliban soldiers in 1999 in Quetta where he had been mobilizing support for Loya Jirga  challenge Taliban rule. Mr. Hamid Karzai, also slipped into Afghanistan in, 2001 on a mission to woo some Taliban moderates and tribal leaders, was re'. ._ by a US helicopter while many of his associates were killed by the Taliban militants.  On June 10, 2002 the Loya Jirga, the traditional Afghan assembly m convened to decide on the formation of the Transitional Authority to more...

"The Directive Principles are in the form of assurances to the people as to what they expect from the government as well as are directives to the government both Central and Stale, to establish and maintain a new social order in which justice social, economic and political; liberty, equality and fraternity, as embodied in the pre- amble, are granted to the people". The Directive Principles lay down a code of conduct for the governments in discharge of their duties and responsibilities. They place an ideal before the legislators and bureaucrats of the nation, while they frame new laws and policies for the country's governance. Taken together these principles are the guiding parameters that a new democratic India should follow while framing rules and regulations to administer the people. They also represent the minimum of the ambitious and aspirations cherished by the people of lndia and set as a goal to be achieved within a reasonable period of time. The Supreme Court of lndia in various decisions, affirms that the objective of Directive Principles is to employ the concept of a well fare state. However the directives don’t confer any enforceable rights and their alleged breach does not invalidate law, nor does it entitle a citizen to complain of its violation by the State so as to seek mandatory relief against the State. There are sixteen Articles of the Constitution from Article 36 to Article 51, which deal with the Directive Principles. These comprise wide range of State activities, embracing economic, social, legal, educational and international fields. Some of the important directives are as per following :- (1) To ensure and protect a social order which stands for the welfare of the people. (Art.38) (2) In particular, the State shall direct its policy towards securing: (a) Adequate means of livelihood to all citizens; (b) a proper distribution of the material resources of the community for the common good; (c) the prevention of concentration of wealth to the common detriment; (d) equal pay for equal work for both men and women: (e) the protection of the strength and health of workers and avoiding circumstances which force citizens to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; and (f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and the protection of childhood and youth against exploitation or moral and material abandonment. (Art.39)     The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity and shall in particular provide free legal aid by suitable legislation or schemes or more...

 Chittranjan Das whose life is a landmark in the history of India's struggle for freedom was amiably called 'Deshbandliu  (Friend of ‘the country). He belonged to an upper middle class Vaidya      family of Telirbagh of the then Dacca district. Alt fervent member of  the Bralimo Samaj. He was also well-known for his intellectual anil Journalistic pursuits for the sole object of attaining freedom. Chittranjan Das was born on November 5, 1870 in Calcutta. Das descended family of vaidyas" (physicians). His father. Bhuben Mohan Das, wasalawyer d journalist. His mother's name was Nistarini Devi.  After receiving his early education at the London Missionary Society's situation at Bhowanipore (Calcutta), Chittranjan passed the entrance examination ^BJ885 as a private candidate. He graduated from the Presidency College in 1890. then went to England to compete for the I.C.S., but he was "the last man out" in career. Therefore, he joined the Inner Temple and was called to the Bar in 1894. developed a logical mind owing to his father and a liberal outlook and a deep I sense of hospitality owing to his mother. As a child. Das was deeply imbued with patriotism and recited patriotic poems. Das developed a keen interest in Bengali literature and read most works of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore. He started practicing in the Calcutta High court and had the opportunity to defend national works like Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh. In 1907 he appeared as the defense lawyer of Brahma (bhadhav) Upadhyaya and Bhupendra nath Dutta who were prosecuted for sedition. His abilities as an advocate evoked general admiration, though he did not succeed in baffling the prosecution. The turning point in his career came when he was called upon to appear on behalf of Aurobindo Ghosh in the Adipose Bomb Case (1908). Nobody was ready to defend Ghosh except Chlttranjan Das. The entire trial lasted for 126 days, 200 witnesses were examined, 4000 paper exhibits and 500 material exhibits in the form of bombs and explosives were filed in the case. Das's concluding statements alone lasted for 9 days. Aurobindo  Ghosh was acquitted. Das accepted no fee for defending Ghosh; in fact he incurred heavy Rs. 15,000 by the time the case was finalized. It was due to his brilliant landing of the case that Aurobindo was ultimately acquitted. This case brought Das to the forefront professionally and politically. Chittaraman was also the defense counsel in the Dacca Conspiracy Case (1910-11). He was famed for his handling of I both civil and criminal law. In 1917, Das came to the forefront of nationalist politics and was invited to preside over the Bengal Provincial Conference held at Bhowanipore. At the Conference Chittaranjan gave in Bengali his memorable presidential speech, animated by lofty Clams and patriotic fire. Chittranjan's political career was brief but meteoric. In course of only eight years (1917-25) he more...

"There are some parts of the world that once visited get into your heart and won 'I let go. For me India is such a place when I first visited, I was stunned by the richness of the land by ifs lush beauty and exotic architecture by its ability to overload the senses with the pure, concentrated intensity of its colours, smells, tastes and sounds. It was as if all my life I was seeing the world in black and while and when brought face-to-face with India, experienced everything rendered in brilliant Technicolor.. "                                                                                                    —Keith Bellows "It we were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow in some parts a very paradise on earth. I should point to India."                               —Max Mueller The most valuable assets of India as a desirable tourist destination lies in it thousands years old historical and cultural heritage. Every region, every pan i Mia encompasses culture of its own, entirely distinct in traditions, language. Festivals beliefs and rituals with different and unique style of living and dresses. No country in the world comprises such distinction such diversity with a unity and integration. This diversity may be attributed to the historical roots of developments of each region, due to different dynasties ruled the different regions. The development of different life style, celebrations of different festivals, adopting different languages, different dressing sense, all exit as per the norms fixed by the then ruling dynasty. Each region has unique physical features, soil types and climatic conditions, so has the distance vegetation and wild life. When all the nature beauty is mingled with different culture the resultant harmony present a unique land sparkled picture, reflecting; cac1 destination in its unique and colorful way.  One finds everything in India: exotic as well as native, the snow clad Himalayas crowned the head in the north, enveloped all the beauty within itself, releases the mighty rivers. Indus. Ganges. and Yamuna and their tributaries. These rivers rolling the whole country like arteries, supplying life blood to the body of the country and its inhabitants throughout the year. The complex beauty of the desert state of Rajasthan is found rarely in any part of the world. With That at its background and sand dunes, mirages and camels, the huge and glorified palaces, forts and have present a complex and unique beauty. The culture of Rajputs with bright Badhari H colours intricate designs and the Royal background give their sharp look different! from others. In their unique architectural style in the series of palaces are lake palace of Udaipur, sand colored forts in Jaisalmer. city palace of Jaipur, the pink city dm India coupled with the vibrant folkdances and folksongs make India an "Epitome om Cultural”. The Taj Mahal at Agra, symbol of Mughal romaine and faith, in its architectural perfection and splendor attracts tourists from all over the world. Taj Mahal reflects the Persian cultural more...

"Every day news of leaking of paper of one or another examination has resulted into total loss a/credibility and collapse of examination system in the country. The students feel that the system of examination has shattered to siècle an extent that they find to search a person who could leak them the ensuing paper is better course of option than to toil all the nights prepare for that". The innocent students putting all their best, without caring for their health and hard earned money of parents feel themselves the main victims of all this money making game.  Recently the news of leaking of papers of CBSR medical and earlier leakage of CAT paper and the revelation made by the accused that they had also leaked these papers in the past, put the students who failed in earlier examinations in such a miss fortune position, that they find no solace anywhere and Just treat themselves most unlucky and cheated by the traders of the fate of students. They don't find any legal or judicial remedy to make up the loss they suffered by these miscreants. Such incidents of paper leaking have far reaching effects on the moral and ethical values possessed by such innocent people. They could turn to such deceptive and improper means in their future course of life that means the youth of today are being diverted towards a wrong and unethical way of thinking. Such character assassination of youth may have very dangerous impact on the future of any country. The crucial point to ponder is: whether the examination be overhauled to avoid or prevent such incidence of paper leak in future? The answer is a big and boisterous YES! The System of examination as it exists today, does not at all assess the real worth and intelligence of the candidate. If same answers are judged by two different examiners, we find a lot of difference. One examiner may be liberal and another may be a meticulous one, the way of marking differs a lot. The present day examination system is nothing but a matter of chance, no certainty or reliability can be placed. Most of the students suffer from examination phobia, as the date of examination draws nearer the students start becoming nervous. Many times his nervousness so overpowered him that even his best leant lessons seems erased from his mind. Many times the question paper gives him utter shock, whatever the topics he has left out, thinking unimportant or unworthy of appearing in the papers, but find then in the paper and topics of importance and thoroughly prepared find no place in the paper.  The existing Examination system and procedure of judging one's ability is so unnatural and faulty that a mediocre student can secure distinction marks and an intelligent may cut a sony more...

"Poverty is the sum total of a multiplicity of factors that include not just income and calorie intake but also access to land and credit, nutrition, health and longevity, literacy and safe drinking water, sanitation and other infrastructural facilities." In India, it is estimated that about 3 50-400 million are below the poverty line, 75 per cent of them in the rural areas. More than 40 per cent of the population is illiterate with women, tribal and scheduled castes particularly affected. It would be incorrect to say that all poverty reduction programmes have failed. The growth of the middle class (which was virtually non-existent when India became free in August 1947) indicates that economic prosperity has indeed been very impressive in India but the distribution of wealth has been very uneven.  The main causes of poverty are illiteracy, a population growth rate by far exceeding the economic growth rate for the better part of the past 50 years, protectionist policies pursued since 1947 to 1991 which prevented large amounts of foreign investment in the country. Poverty alleviation is expected to make better progress in the next 50 years than in the past, as a trickle-down effect of the growing middle class. Increasing stress on education, reservation of seats in government jobs and the increasing empowerment of women and the economically weaker sections of society are also expected to contribute to the alleviation of poverty.  Poverty in India has been reduced by 10 percent over the last few years/There is firm evidence that the war against poverty is being won. Where there is no happiness for all, there cannot be happiness for any'. This is a fundamental truth successful nations around the world have discovered. They have structured their societies in such a way that though there maybe inequalities in incomes and levels of enjoyment of the good things of life, the basics of a modem life are not denied to anyone. What are these basics? Answers vary for each country. For India, these are: education, health care, housing, water, electricity, cooking fuel, old age support, sanitation, and employment. Providing these for all citizens is to both attack poverty and pave way for growth.  For long, these have been the stuff of publicly-correct posturing. But, until about 5 years ago when Amartya Sen emerged as a voice to be listened to, establishment economists did not see the linkage between a nation's investments in social sectors and its prosperity. In India's government, there is now a greater consciousness, of how caring for human resources, will lead to a sustainable growth. India appears to have agreed with this conclusion: the cold war was not between capitalism and communism; it was between man and the state and more...

 "A computer virus is a kind of software that in facts programs, data or dices and can reproduce itself in the same or other form. Despite till preventive measures, the viruses are becoming an order of the day. I 'irises are enemies of computers and destroy whatever is stored in it, innocently, calmly and intelligently." It was Fred Cahen who incidentally coined the expression 'Computer Virus'. The term 'Virus' and 'worm' used in science fiction novels in the early 1970's. Around the same period, researchers at Xerox Corp., created and demonstrated a self replicating code, called viruses. A virus is a program that can modify another program is deemed infected. This can also become an evolved copy of the original virus program. Every program that gets infected may also act as a virus and thus the infection multiplies. The key property of a virus is its ability to infect other programs. Every general purpose system currently in use is open to viral attack in some secure systems, virus tends to spread further when created by some user of the system. A virus has the potential to spread throughout any system which allows sharing. The virus can be generated and introduced by a hacker. The perpetrator gets the satisfaction of demonstrating human superiority over a cybernetic system. With the advent of Internet a haven has been created for virus mongers. An important ongoing research involves detennining how quickly a virus could spread to a large percentage of computers in the world. Studies through simplified mathematical models of virus -spreading in typical computer networks have been going on. Obviously virus-like programs have to be written, injected imo systems and the effect has to be studied. In a simulated environment, the extent, speed and effect of infection is studied. Several experiments have been systematically carried out. The anti-virus program writers must be doing similar experiments before eventually bringing out their anti-virus packages.  Virus study indicates a set of undecidable detection problems'. A list could be as follows:

• ·         Detection of a virus by its appearance.
• ·         Detection of a virus by its behavior.
• ·         Detection of evolution of a known virus.
• ·         Detection of a triggering mechanism by its appearance.
• ·         Detection of a triggering mechanism by its behavior.
• ·         Detection of evolution of a known triggering mechanism.
• ·         Detection of a viral detector by its behavior -
• ·         Detection of evolution of a known viral detector.
• ·         Safety of a protection scheme.

    more...

(AVENUES AND OPPORTUNITIES) "Recent advancement in Information Technology have trans-formed every facet of human life and revolutionised the world as never before witnessed in known human history." The world of computers, telecommunication televisions, the internet and all other audio and visual media is facing rapid and radical changes presently. This has generated infinite and unimaginable new opportunities in education, communication, commerce, manufacturing, agriculture, health care, leisure and entertainment and more particularly the service sector.’ Information Technology' comprises computers, telecommunications, television, audio-visual media, development of software etc. Computer is the major segment of Information Technology which has permeated and grasped every sphere of existence of human society and become indispensable. The present day elegance, accuracy, sophistication, efficiency could have been made possible only with the invention of computers. Computer software arc gradually becoming a decisive force in making important decisions. It has become the basis of modem scientific and technological inventions and researches. The use of software has penetrated in every walk of ife, be it transportation, Medicare, telecommunication, defense, industrial processing, entertainment, office utilities, space research, environmental predictions and so on, with endless list. The Information Technology could be classified into two major components i.e.(1) Hardware, (2) Software. Hardware means the physical parts, which can be touched and are used to run the software. Software are the programme, or say heart and soul of the hardware. For the last two decades, there have been a tremendous ups and down in Industry. IT has played an important role in making the Indian economy run at a much faster pace. During 2001 -2002, when there was worldwide economic slump, yet the IT sector managed to show an impressive growth. Though during this period, IT education segment showed a down turn. This trend had fallout on the Indian IT educational training business. Though business volumes declined a lot, yet an awakening had been created among the youth that IT is must to go ahead in life. With IT becoming acceptable to all, it became apparent that people needed to know computers to excel in life. Recent studies conducted by leading IT associations and business intelligence Concern, have shown that our country will require millions of IT professionals upto2005. A study conducted by NASSCOM also reveals that the demand of IT professionals during 2005 be much more than the expected availability. The emerging IT enabled service (ITES) segment has shown tremendous avenues of jobs for the IT professionals. A study conducted by NASSCOM (2002-2003) shows that the ITES sector will create job opportunities for over 1.1 million people by 2008. It is worthwhile to note that during the last20 years, the IT industry's present trend reflects more than 20 time increase in ITES-BP segment. In spite of USA's restrictions on outsourcing from Indian market, it is felt that with globalization, the opening of economic fronts and markets becoming more...

"In Indian mythology Forests are not known simply a source of wood or other things but it is worshiped and regarded as 'God of forest'(VAN DEVTA)." Forests that cover nearly one-third of the world's land, are the very important and invaluable gift of nature to the mankind. Since times immemorial forests are regarded as the universal and unending source of many kinds of raw material by the men. From eatables to cooking wood, from clothing to housing facilities, everywhere we are being directly or indirectly benefitted by the forests. About 17 percent of India's land area, approximately 50 million hectares, -were regarded as forest land in the early 1990s. In FY 1987, however, actual forest cover was 64 million hectares. However, because more than 50 percent of this land was barren or brush land, the area underproductive forest was actually less than 35 million hectares, or approximately 10 percent of the country's land area. The growing population's high demand for forest resources continued the destruction and degradation of forests in 1980s. An estimated 6 billion tons of topsoil were lost annually. However, India's 0.6 percent average annual rate of deforestation for agricultural and no lumbering land used in the decade beginning 1981 was one of the lowest in the world and on a par with Brazil.  Many Indian forests in the mid-1990s are found in high-rainfall, high-altitude regions, areas to which access is difficult. About 20 percent of total forest land is in Madhya Pradesh; other states with significant forests are Orissa, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh (each about 9 percent of the total forests); Arunachal Pradesh (7 percent); and Uttar Pradesh (6 percent). The variety of forest vegetation is large: there are 600 species of hardwoods, sal (Shorea robusta ) and teak being the principal economic species. Forests play very important role in the economy of a country. In India , our approximately half the population even today depend on the forests for their fuel needs. The fodder demand for the cattle are met from the forests. For the shelter of the cattle the required wood is taken from the forests. From economic point of view, the  paper manufacturing industries are mainly depend upon the forests for the need of the wooden pulp. The soil erosion and flood control are only possible with the existence of forests. Even the rain, on which the Indian agriculture depends, is possible with the forests. The eco - balance means the conservation of the environmental purity is mainly done with the conservation of the forests. Forests help the mankind by absorbing the Carbon dioxide and exhaling the life gas, the Oxygen. Conservation of forests has been an avowed goal of Indian government policy since Indian independence. Afforestation increased from a negligible amount of the first plan to nearly 8.9 million hectares in the seventh plan. The more...