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question_answer1) Which crop out of sugarcane, bajra or wheat are kharif crops?
question_answer2) Identify which out of land, seeds, machinery and building is in the category of working capital.
question_answer3) What are the constituents of modern farming methods?
question_answer4) Sugarcane crushing undertaken in the village is what type of activity?
question_answer5) What is the main economic activity in village Palampur?
question_answer6) What are the factors of production?
question_answer7) What was the major advantage of using HYV seeds in agriculture?
question_answer8) When large and medium farmers sell their surplus produce in the market, what are the purposes to which they use this income?
question_answer9) What are the non-farming activities being carried out in Palampur?
question_answer10) Who runs the Primary Health Centre in Palampur?
question_answer11) What is multiple cropping?
question_answer12) Why is loss of soil fertility occurring as an effect of the Green Revolution?
question_answer13) What is the disadvantage in using chemical fertilisers in modern farming methods?
question_answer14) Which farmers out of landless farmers, small farmers or medium and large farmers, hire labour to work in the fields?
question_answer15) What is the standard unit for measurement of agricultural land?
question_answer16) Is it correct that more than half the farmers of Palampur cultivate small plots of landless than 10 hectares in size?
question_answer17) What is the major reason for people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas?
question_answer18) Which crop out of rice, sugarcane or wheat is a Kharif crop?
question_answer19) Is it true that food grains output in India has increased significantly in the last few years because larger areas of land have been brought under cultivation?
question_answer20) In 2003, the area cultivated by small farmers in India was how much percentage of the total cultivated area?
question_answer21) Is it true that running a collection cum milk chilling centre in Raiganj is a trading activity?
question_answer22) Which items out of a tractor, clay, HYV seeds or a truck will be considered as fixed capital for non-farm activities?
question_answer23) Which organisations in India have been developing High Yielding Varieties of seeds?
question_answer24) Can we consider rainfall as a source of irrigation?
question_answer25) Name the Indian states who were first to try out the modern farming methods in India.
question_answer26) What term is used for measuring the crop produced on given piece of land during a single year?
question_answer27) During which season do farmers of Palampur grow jowar and bajra?
question_answer28) In which season is wheat grown in Palampur village?
question_answer29) What are 'Bigha' and 'Guintha'?
question_answer30) What do you understand by the term "Marginal farmers"?
question_answer31) Which is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy?
question_answer32) Which state of India have highest consumption of chemical fertiliser in India?
question_answer33) What percentage of total land area is cultivated by medium and large farmers in India.
question_answer34) Where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for capital in Palampur?
question_answer35) List the changes in Palampur due to the advent of electric power in the village.
question_answer36) The farm labourers in Palampur usually earn less than the minimum wage. Why?
question_answer37) What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?
question_answer38) Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?
question_answer39) Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in North Bihar. Out of a total of 850 households in the two villages, there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Hyderabad or Nagpur. Such migration is common in most villages across in India. Why do people migrate? Can you describe based on your imagination the work that the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination?
question_answer40) In what way is Kareem's capital and labour different from Mishrilal ?
question_answer41) Why didn't someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.
question_answer42) (a) What is Kishora's fixed capital?
question_answer43) Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
question_answer44) How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
question_answer45) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
question_answer46) In your region, talk to two labourers Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
question_answer47) How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
question_answer48) On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita's condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
question_answer49) What can be done so that non-farm production activities can be started in villages?
question_answer50) "Dala is a landless farm labourer who works on daily wages in Palampur. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is ` 115 per day, but Dala gets only ` 80. There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur so people agree to work for lower wages." Here Dala is being exploited by the large farmer due to competition among the labourers. What principle is the large farmer violating? How can this malpractice be corrected?
question_answer51) Write any three differences between land and capital.
question_answer52) What is the aim of production? State any four requirements needed for production of goods and services.
question_answer53) Explain the meaning of 'physical capital'. Explain its two types with the help of suitable examples. Or What is physical capital? What are its different types? Explain each type. Or Explain the term, 'physical capital'? Mention its different types with examples.
question_answer54) Which capital can be considered as the best land, labour, physical capital or human capital and why?
question_answer55) How was multiple cropping practised in Palampur? Explain.
question_answer56) How has been environment adversely affected by the Green Revolution? Explain.
question_answer57) What problems do farm labourers face in terms of employment? Explain any three problems.
question_answer58) What is HYV seeds? Write its one merit and a limitation.
question_answer59) How is land distributed amongst the farmers of Palampur? Explain. Or Describe the land distribution of the farmers of Palampur?
question_answer60) What is meant by non-farming activities? Explain with examples.
question_answer61) Explain the different methods to increase production from the same area of land, giving some concrete examples.
question_answer62) How does a small farmer with only 1 hectare to land do his farming ? Explain the problems he faces.
question_answer63) In what way are sources of capital required for farming by large farmers different from the capital sources for small farmers ?
question_answer64) The following table shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on a graph paper. Cultivated area over the years Year Cultivated Area 1950 120 1960 130 1970 140 1980 140 1990 140 2000 140 (i) What does the graph show? (ii) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why? (iii) You have read about the crops grown in Palampur. Fill the following table based on the information on the crops grown in your region. Name of Crops Month Sown Month Harvested Source of Irrigation (rain, takns, tube-wells, canals, etc)
question_answer65) The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate is given in the following graph. Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India? Explain.
question_answer66) Let us take 3 farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see column 2). The consumption of wheat by each family is the same (column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next year's production. Also suppose production is twice the capital used in production. (i) Complete the tables. Farmer 1 Production Consumption Surplus ? Production- Consumption Capital for the Next Year Year 1 100 40 60 60 Year 2 120 40 - - Year 3 - 40 - - Farmer 2 Production Consumption Surplus Capital for the Next Year Year 1 80 40 - - Year 2 - 40 - - Year 3 - 40 - - Farmer 3 Production Consumption Surplus ? Production- Consumption Capital for the Next Year Year 1 60 40 - - Year 2 - 40 - - Year 3 - 40 - - (ii) Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years. (iii) What happens to farmer 3 in year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?
question_answer67) (a) What capital did Mishrilal need to set-up his jiggery manufacturing unit? (b) Who provides the labour in this case? (c) Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit? (d) Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss? (e) Why does Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village?
question_answer68) Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur. (a) Location (b) Total Area of the Village (c) Land Use (in hectares) Cultivated Land Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground) Irrigated Unirrigated 26 hectres (d) Educational - Medical - Market - Electricity supply - Communication - Nearest town -
question_answer69) What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
question_answer70) Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
question_answer71) Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.
question_answer72) What are the non-farm activities taking place in your region (or Palampur) ? Make a short list.
question_answer73) "In Palampur, the yield of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1300 kg per hectare. With the HYV seeds, the yield went up to 3200 kg per hectare". "In many areas, Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilisers. Also continuous use of groundwater for tube well irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground." In the above context, do you think the farmers of Palampur are following good agricultural practices? If not, what basic principle are they violating? How should they rectify this problem? Explain in about 120 words.
question_answer74) How can you say that Palampur is a well-developed village? Or Explain the economic conditions of the village Palampur.
question_answer75) What is meant by Green Revolution? Mention some of its features. Or Where and why has the Green Revolution been started in India? What methods were used? Explain. Or Describe any four modern methods of farming which heralded the Green Revolution. Write one harmful effect of Green Revolution? Or What was Green Revolution? How did it solve the food crisis in India? Explain.
question_answer76) 16. How are the farmers in village Palampur able to grow more crops from the same land? Explain in five points. Or How can one grow more than one crop on the same piece of land? Explain.
question_answer77) What is land? Suggest any three ways to sustain land.
question_answer78) Name the various forms of transport visible on the road from Palampur to Shahpur.
question_answer79) What is the fixed capital of a dairy farmer?
question_answer80) Which are the non-farm activities being carried out in Palampur?
question_answer81) In which part of India were modern farming methods initially tried out ?
question_answer82) In what form are wages paid to the farm labourers?
question_answer83) The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tonnes. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops? Discuss. Production of Pulses and Wheat Year Production of Pulses Production of Wheat 1965-66 10 10 1970-71 12 24 1980-81 11 36 1990-91 14 55 2000-01 11 70
question_answer84) What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
question_answer85) Modern farming methods require the farmers to start with more cash than before. Why?
question_answer86) In the picture given below, can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers?
question_answer87) Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land?
question_answer88) Let us fill in the blanks given below. Among the three factors of production, we found that labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages, whereas the opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or ____. They are paid low wages, and lead a difficult life. In contrast to labour, ________ is a scarce factor of production. Cultivated land area is _____. Moreover, even the existing land is distributed _______ (equally/unequally) among the people engaged in farming. There are a large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourer. To make the maximum use of the existing land, farmers use _____ and _______. Both these have led to increase in production of crops. Modern farming methods require a great deal of _______ . Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital, and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers. Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production. _____ is a natural resource, whereas ______ is man-made. It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.
question_answer89) Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.
question_answer90) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
question_answer91) What are the main activities of the people of village of Palampur?
question_answer92) What type of sources are needed by these production activities?
question_answer93) How is Palampur village well connected with its neighbouring villages and towns?
question_answer94) What kind of transportation is used for connecting Palampur to these neighboring villages and towns?
question_answer95) How many families live in Palampur?
question_answer96) What was the status of upper caste families of Palampur?
question_answer97) What was the status of Sc's or dalits in Palampur?
question_answer98) What was the benefit of electricity in Palampur?
question_answer99) What about health and education status of the village of Palampur?
question_answer100) What is the first and foremost requirement for the production of goods and services?
question_answer101) What kind of labour is needed for the production of goods and services?
question_answer102) What is fixed capital?
question_answer103) What is called 'Working Capital?
question_answer104) What does 'Human Capital' mean?
question_answer105) Which are the four main factors of production?
question_answer106) Which kharif and Rabi crops are grown in Palampur?
question_answer107) What was the main reason behind growth of three different crops in a year in Palampur?
question_answer108) What was the impact of electricity on the system of irrigation?
question_answer109) What does 'multiple cropping' mean?
question_answer110) What is the benefit of multiple cropping?
question_answer111) What does 'yield' mean?
question_answer112) How did Green Revolution benefit the Indian farmer?
question_answer113) How were higher yields of wheat and rice were possible?
question_answer114) Which mechanical devices were used after Green Revolution?
question_answer115) How was land resource affected by modem farming methods?
question_answer116) How do chemical fertilizers affect the soil?
question_answer117) Who are the farm labourers working for medium and large farmers?
question_answer118) How do farm labourers get wages in Palampur?
question_answer119) How small farmers manage the capital needed for farming?
question_answer120) From where small farmers borrow money?
question_answer121) How do medium and large farmers manage capital?
question_answer122) What is the basic difference between two factors of production-land and capital?
question_answer123) What do large and medium farmers do with their surplus farm products?
question_answer124) Name the non-farm activities of Palampur?
question_answer125) How is dairy farming practiced in Palampur?
question_answer126) What kind of manufacturing units are set up in Palampur?
question_answer127) What kinds of shops are set up in Palampur?
question_answer128) Which means of transport are used by people of Palampur?
question_answer129) Name the main and other activities of the village of Palampur.
question_answer130) What all facilities are available in the village?
question_answer131) What are the main factors for production of goods and services?
question_answer132) State the various ways of growing more crop from the same land by the people of Palampur.
question_answer133) What is the 'multiple cropping' system?
question_answer134) State the main reasons why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur.
question_answer135) What do you understand by the term 'Green Revolution'?
question_answer136) What are the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers?
question_answer137) How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
question_answer138) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation and why?
question_answer139) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than the minimum wages?
question_answer140) Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land or small holding.
question_answer141) On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita's condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a lower rate of interest?
question_answer142) What can be done by the government to start more non-farm activities in the villages to improve the farmers' conditions?
question_answer143) Differentiate between physical and human capital.
question_answer144) Explain the types of activities necessary for production.
question_answer145) What means of transportation are used in the village of Palampur?
question_answer146) What kind of people live in the village Palampur?
question_answer147) What are the ill-effects of Green Revolution?
question_answer148) Describe the condition of landless farmer like Dala, of Palampur village.
question_answer149) How surplus farm products is sold by the farmers?
question_answer150) Define Physical Capital, Fixed Capital, Working Capital and Human Capital with examples.
question_answer151) What are the merits and demerits of the Green Revolution?
question_answer152) What are the different ways of increasing production? Give examples.
question_answer153) How do medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from small farmers?
question_answer154) Which non-farm activities are practised in Palampur? Write a short note.
question_answer155) How is multiple cropping is practised in Palampur?
question_answer156) What kind of labour is found in Palampur?
question_answer157) The main activity of the village of Palampur is: (a) Manufacturing (b) Dairy farming (c) Farming (d) Cattle rearing
question_answer158) Which Kharif crop is grown during the rainy season? (a) Jowar (b) Rice (c) Millets (d) Sugar
question_answer159) HYV means: (a) High Yoghurt Variety (b) High Yielding Variety (c) Highly Yellow Variety (d) Highly Young Variety
question_answer160) Two major factors of production are: (a) Land and capital (b) Labour and land (c) Capital and labour (d) Land and technology
question_answer161) What capital is needed to set up a jaggery manufacturing unit? (a) Fixed capital (b) Physical capital (c) Working capital (d) Recurring capital
question_answer162) If more than two crops are grown on the same piece of land during a year, it is called: (a) Green Revolution (b) Multiple Cropping (c) Modern Farming (d) Subsistence Farming
question_answer163) Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
question_answer164) What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Explain.
question_answer165) How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
question_answer166) What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?
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