Category : 4th Class
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This lesson will help you to:—
Real Life Examples
QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW
Parts of plants and their functions
I. Some stems are thick, strong and woody and are covered in bark.
Example: Stem of the neem tree.
II. Some stems are thick but they are soft.
Example: Stem of banana plant.
III. Some stems are weak. They climb with the help of a support.
Example: Stem of grapevine.
Amazing Facts
IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL FOCUS ON ROOTS AND FLOWERS
ROOTS
The root performs many functions primary of which are:
There are two main types of roots.
Historical preview
1. Top root is long and sturdy: When a long main root grows from the end of the stem and many small side roots grow from the main root, it is called a tap root E.g. mango, bean, etc. Thinner roots grow out of the tap root.
These roots are further divided into primary root secondary root and tertiary root.
2. Fibrous roots are made up of large number of equal-sized roots. It is formed when a number of roots grow from the end of the stem.
Example: Roots of onion, grass and wheat plants.
EXAMPLES OF TAP ROOT WE EAT
The Amazing Banyan Roots! (Aerial roots)
The banyan accomplishes its major growth and animated forms through its amazing and unique root system. Like most trees, banyans also have roots that live underground. Yet unlike most trees banyans have roots that begin their life above ground. These roots grow downwards from branches towards the ground. These ore called aerial roots.
Banyan Tree
Roots of Mangroves: Mangrove trees grow in marshy, areas that have clayey soil. This soil holds a lot of water and very little air. Thus these trees produce roots that grows above the water and help the plant in breathing, besides holding the plant in place.
Misconcept/Concept
Misconcept: The roots of plants absorb water from the soil and have no other important functions. |
Concept: The roots also help some plants to climb, e.g. cucumber. Some roots are used to support the plants e.g. Banyan. Some roots store food and water, e.g. carrot. |
FLOWERS
Flowers are found in wide varieties of colors like red, orange, yellow, white, violet etc. Rose, Jasmine, Marigold, Sunflower all are flowers. Flower is very important part of the plant. It changes into fruits that contain seed in it. When the seeds get proper condition of air, sunlight and moisture, germinates into a new plant.
THE PARTS OF A FLOWER
FLOWERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE:
Some flowers grow on trees like Magnolia, Dogwood, Cherry blossoms.
Some flowers grow on bushes like Rose, Fuchsia, Buddlia, and Camellia.
Some flowers grow on creepers like Bougainvillea.
Some flowers grow in water like Water lilies, Lotus, Pondweed etc.
Some flowers bloom only at night like Night Gladiolus, Moon flowers. Evening primrose.
Some flowers bloom only in day and close at night like Morning glory.
Some flowers grow only in summers like Sunflower, Balsam. Jasmine, Chinese honeysuckle (Madhumaiti).
Some flowers grow only in winters like Oahlia. Carnation, Marigold, Rose,
Some flowers grow in the wild like Floss flower, Wild primula.
Some flowers are domesticated like Rose, Tulips.
FLOWERS ARE USED IN MANY WAYS
Floral Motifs: Motifs is a design or a pattern on a cloth, wood, metal, marble or pottery. Floral designs make beautiful motifs. You must have seen floral designs on bed covers, cushion covers, curtains, and clothes on tiles.
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Buying Flowers:
The person who sells flowers is called a florist. Most of the towns have a whole sale market of flowers called "Fool Mandi". The florists buys flowers from the mandi and sells them to us. We can buy a single flower, a bunch of flowers, a bouquet, a garland or can also buy loose petals for rangoli.
Whom do trees belong to:
Trees and plants belong to each one of us. They are an important part of our environment. They give us flowers, fruits, grains, vegetables and also purify our air. They provide shelter and shade to many birds and animals.
Trees are such an important resource for us hence we should not cut trees. The forest department officials are responsible to present the cutting of trees. The government has made strict rules against cutting of trees.
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