done 11th Biology Breathing and Exchange gases

• question_answer1)
  Define vital capacity. What is its significance? 
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• question_answer2)
  State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing. 
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• question_answer3)
  Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why? 
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• question_answer4)
  What are the major transport mechanisms for CO2 ? Explain. 
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• question_answer5)
  What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air? (i) pO2 lesser and pCO2 higher (ii) pO2 higher and pCO2 lesser (iii) pO2 higher and pCO2 higher (iv) pO2 lesser and pCO2 lesser  
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• question_answer6)
  Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions. 
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• question_answer7)
  How is respiration regulated?  
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• question_answer8)
  What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport? 
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• question_answer9)
  What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill? 
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• question_answer10)
  What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect? 
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• question_answer11)
  Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern? 
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• question_answer12)
  Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends. 
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• question_answer13)
  Distinguish between (a) IRV and ERV (b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity (c) Vital capacity and total lung capacity  
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• question_answer14)
  What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour. 
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• question_answer15) Respiration in Insects is called direct because (a) the cells exchange  directly with the air in the tubes (b) the tissues exchange  directly with coelomic fluid (c) the tissues exchange  directly with the air outside through body surface (d) tracheal tubes exchange  directly with the haemocoel which then exchange with tissues

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• question_answer16)   Which of the following does not occur during breathing? (a) Brings the air to body temperature                   (b) Warms up the air (c) Diffusion of gases                                                      (d) Cleans up the air

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• question_answer17)   A person suffers punctures in his chest cavity in an accident, without any damage to the lungs its effect could be (a) reduced breathing rate                                          (b) rapid increase in breathing rate (c) no change in respiration                                         (d) cessation of breathing

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• question_answer18)   It is known that exposure to carbon monoxide is harmful to animals because (a) it reduces  transport                                      (b) it reduces transport (c) it increases transport                                     (d) it increases transport

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• question_answer19)   Mark the true statement among the following with reference to normal breathing (a) inspiration is a passive process whereas expiration is active (b) inspiration is a active process whereas expiration is passive (c) inspiration and expiration are active processes (d) inspiration and expiration are passive processes

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• question_answer20)   A person breathes in some volume of air by forced inspiration after having a forced expiration. This quantity of air taken in is (a) total lung capacity     (b) tidal volume                (c) vital capacity                    (d) inspiratory capacity

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• question_answer21)   Mark the incorrect statement in context to binding to Hb (a) higher pH                      (b) lower temperature (c) lower                     (d) higher 

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• question_answer22)   Mark the correct pair of muscles involved in the normal breathing in humans. (a) External and internal inter costal muscles (b) Diaphragm and abdominal muscles (c) Diaphragm and external inter costal muscles (d) Diaphragm and inter costal muscles

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• question_answer23)   Incidence of emphysema a respiratory disorder is high in cigarette smokers. In such cases (a) the bronchioles are found damaged (b) the alveolar walls are found damaged (c) the plasma membrane is found damaged (d) the respiratory muscles are found damaged

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• question_answer24)   Respiratory process is regulated by certain specialised centres in the brain. One of the following listed centres can reduce the inspiratory duration upon stimulation. (a) Modularly inspiratory centre                                (b) Pneumotaxic centre (c) Apneustic centre                                       (d) Chemo sensitive centre

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• question_answer25)   dissociates from carbamino haemoglobin when (a)  is high and  is low                                (b)  is high and  is low (c)  and are equal                                       (d) None of the above

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• question_answer26)   In breathing movements, air volume can be estimated by (a) stethoscope                                                                (b) hygrometer                 (c) sphygmomanometer                                               (d) spiro meter

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• question_answer27)   From the following relationships between respiratory volume and capacities, mark the correct option. (i) Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = Tidal Volume + Residual Volume (ii) Vital Capacity (VC) = Tidal Volume (TV) + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV). (iii) Residual Volume (RV) = Vital Capacity (VC) - Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (iv)Tidal Volume (TV) = Inspiratory Capacity (1C) - Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) Codes (a)(i) Incorrect, (ii) Incorrect, (iii) Incorrect, (iv) Correct (b) (i) Incorrect, (ii) Correct/ (iii) Incorrect, (iv) Correct (c) (i) Correct, (ii) Correct, (iii) Incorrect, (iv) Correct (d)(i) Correct, (ii) Incorrect, (iii) Correct, (iv) Incorrect

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• question_answer28)   The oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve will show a right shift in case of (a)high                  (b)high                           (c) low                  (d) less concentration

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• question_answer29)   Match the following columns.

  Column I	Column II
  a. Earthworm	1.Moist cuticle
  b. Aquatic arthropods	2.Gills
  c. Fishes	3. Lungs
  d. Birds/Reptiles	4. Trachea

  Codes       A   B   C   D                         A   B   C   D (a) 2   1   4   3                     (b) 1   4   2   3 (c) 1   3   2   4                     (d) 1   2   4   3

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• question_answer30)   Define the following terms? (a) Tidal volume                  (b) Residual volume                     (c) Asthma

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• question_answer31)   A fluid filled double membranous layer surrounds the lungs. Name it and mention its important function.

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• question_answer32)   Name the primary site of exchange of gases in our body?

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• question_answer33)     Cigarette, smoking causes emphysema. Give reason.

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• question_answer34)   What is the amount of supplied to tissues through every 100 mL of oxygenated blood under normal physiological conditions?

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• question_answer35)   A major percentage (97%) of  is transported by RBCs in the blood. How does the remaining percentage (3%) of transported?

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• question_answer36)   Arrange the following terms based on their volumes in an ascending order. (a) Tidal Volume (TV)                                                     (b) Residual Volume (RV) (c) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)                      (d) Expiratory Capacity (EC)

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• question_answer37)     Complete the missing terms (a) Inspiratory Capacity (1C) = ... + IRV (b) ...=TV+ERV (c) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = ERV + ...

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• question_answer38)   Name the organs of respiration in the following organisms. (a) Flatworm .........               (b) Birds .........            (c) Frog .........                   (d) Cockroach .........

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• question_answer39)   Name the important parts involved in creating a pressure gradient between lungs and the atmosphere during normal respiration.

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• question_answer40)     State the different modes of transport in blood.

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• question_answer41)   Compared to , diffusion rate of  through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher. Explain.

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• question_answer42)   For completion of respiration process, write the given steps in sequential manner. (a)Diffusion of gases ( and ) across alveolar membrane. (b) Transport of gases by blood. (c) Utilisation of  by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of . (d) Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and rich alveolar air is released out. (e) Diffusion of  and  between blood and tissues.

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• question_answer43)   Differentiate between (a) Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume (b) Vital capacity and total lung capacity. (c) Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder.

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• question_answer44)   Explain the transport of  and  between alveoli and tissue with diagram.

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• question_answer45)     Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches.

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• question_answer46)   Explain the role of neural system in regulation of respiration.

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