Answer:
Human beings have a
significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit the
demands of the body tissue. This is done by the neural system.
Respiration
regulated by neural system in following ways/ manress
(i) A specialised
centre present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm centre
is primarily responsible in regulating respiration process. Another centre
present in the pons region of the brain called pneumotaxic centre, can moderate
the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. Neural signal from this centre,
can reduce the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.
(ii) A
chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly
sensitive to 
and
hydrogen ions. Increase in these substances activates this centre, which in turn
signals the rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments in the respiratory process
by which these substances can be eliminated.
(iii) Receptors associated
with aortic arch and carotid artery also recognise changes in and 
concentration
and send necessary signals to the rhythm centre for remedial action because the
role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.
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