question_answer 43)

  Differentiate between (a) Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume (b) Vital capacity and total lung capacity. (c) Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder.

Answer:

                  Difference between these are as follows  

(a) Inspiratory Reserve Volume	Expiratory Reserve Volume
It is the additional volume of air, a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration. It ranges between 2500 mL to 3000 mL.	It is the additional volume of air a person can expire by a forcible expiration. It ranges between 1000 mL to 1100 mL.
(b)  Vital Capacity	Total Lung Capacity
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. This includes ERV, TV and IRV or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration, i.e., Vc = ERY + IRV + TV	Total using capacity is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes RV, ERV, TV and IRV or vital capacity + residual volume. i.e., TLC = RV +(ERV +IRV +TV) or VC +RV
(c) Emphysema	Occupational Respiratory Disorder
Emphysema is a chronic disorder of respiratory system, in which alveolar cells are damaged due to which regulatory respiratory surface is decreased. Cause of emphysema is cigarette smoking.	It is caused due to the long exposure of dust produced by stone grinding or breaking and give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis and thus causing serious lung damage. Protective masks are provided for the workers in such industries.