Category : UPSC
Mineral Resource Industries Population and Multipurpose Projects of India
MINERAL RESOURCE OF INDIA
Minerals are the natural resources which are used in many industries as raw materials. Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper, etc. are such minerals.
Minerals are of two types: metallic and non-metallic. Iron ore and copper are metallic minerals while limestone and dolomite are non-metallic minerals.
Metallic minerals are further sub-divided into ferrous and non-ferrous minerals. Those metallic minerals which have iron content belong to ferrous group. The metallic minerals belonging to non-ferrous group do not have iron content.
India is rich in iron, mica, manganese, bauxite; self-sufficient in antimony, building materials, cement materials, clay, chromite, lime, dolomite, and gold, but deficient in copper, lead, mercury, zinc, tin, nickel, petroleum products, rock phosphate, sulphur, and tungsten.
Mineral resources like potassium are totally absent and have to be imported. Minerals like crude petroleum (which accounts for about 80 per cent of the total value of Indian imports) diamonds (uncut), sulphur, and rock phosphorus are imported.
The state with the highest mineral output is Jharkhand.
India is rich in ferrrous metals but its reserves of non-ferrous metals are poor.
Mineral |
Ore |
Found in |
Features |
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Iron |
Magnetite-the best quality of iron ore and contains 72% pure iron. Haematite-contains 60 to 70% pure iron. Limonite-contains 40 to 60% pure iron. Siderite-contains many impurities and has just 40 to 50% pure iron. |
Odisha (Sonai, Mayubhanj, Keonjhar), Jharkhand and Bihar (Singhbhum Hazaribagh, Palamau, Shahbad), Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh (Raipur, Durg, Bastar, Raigarh, Bilaspur, Jabalpur, Balaghat), Andhra Pradesh (Krishna, Kurnool, Chittor, Cuddapha, Warangal, Guntur), Tamil Nadu (Salem, Tiruchirapalli), Karnataka (Ballary, Chitradurg, Chikmagalur), Maharashtra (Ratnagiri, Chanda), Goa |
India has the world's largest reserves, approximately one- fourth of world's known reserves; Jharkhand has the largest reserves accounting for about 25% of the total reserves of iron ore in India. |
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Coal (Black Gold) |
Anthracite Coal?the best quality of coal and contains 80 to 95% carbon. It is found only in Jammu and Kashmir in small quantity. Bituminous coal?The most widely used coal and contains 40 to 80% carbon. It is found in Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Lignite- Also known as brown coal. It is a lower grade coal and contains about 40 to |
Bihar-Jharkhand-Bengal belt (Raniganj, Jharia, Giridih, Bokaro, Karanpur), Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh belt (Singrauli, Korba, Raigarh, Sonhat, Sohagpur. Umaria), Odisha (Desgarh, Talcher), Maharashtra (Chand), Andhra Pradesh (Singreni), Assam (Makum, Lakhimpur); in small quantities in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Jammu and Kashmir, and Nagaland |
?About one-fourth of India?s coal reserves lie in the Damodar Valley, across Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. India is the fourth largest coal producing country in the world according to 1992 coal production in the country.? |
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50% carbon. It is found in Palna of Rajasthan, Neyveli of Tamil Nadu, Lakhimpur of Assam and Karewa of ammu and Kashmir. Peat-It is the first stage of transformation of wood nto coal and contains less than 40% Carbon. |
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Manganese |
India has the second largest manganese ore reserves in the world after Zimbabwe. India is the fifth largest producer in the world after Brazil, Gabon, South Africa and Australia. |
Odisha (Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Mayurbhaj, Talcher) Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat, Seoni, Chhindwara, Jabalpur), Maharashtra (Nagpur, Bhandara, Ratnagiri), Gujarat (Panchmahal), Kamataka (Chitradurg, Tumkur, Shimoga, Chikmagalur, Belgaum, North Canara, Dharwar), Jharkhand (Singbhum), Andhra Pradesh (Visakhapatnam), Rajasthan (Udaipur, Bansawara) |
Orissa is the leading producer of manganese in the country. India ranks third in world in manganese reduction. |
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Mica |
The three major types of mica found in India are - Muscovite, Phlogopite and Biotite. |
Bihar (Gaya), Jharkhand (Hazanbagh), Rajasthan (Ajmer, Shahpur, Tonk, Bhilwara, Jaipur), Andhra Pradesh (Nellore) |
India has largest deposits of mica in world India alone contributes about two-thirds of the world's production |
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Bauxite (aluminium ore) |
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Jharkhand (Palamu), Gujarat (Kaira), Madhya Pradesh (Katni, Jabalpur, Balaghat, Bilaspur, Bastar), Tamil Nadu (Salem), Kamataka (Chitradurg, Belgaum), Maharashtra (Kolhapur), Jammu and Kashmir (Kotii) |
Third largest producer in the world. |
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Copper |
India contributes to about 3.5 to 4% of the world's total production of copper. |
Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Hazanbagh), Rajasthan (Khetri, Alwar, Bhilwara, Jhunjhunu, Sirohi), Andhra Pradesh (Guntur, Khamman, Agnigundala), Kamataka (Chitradurg, Hassan, Chikmagalur, Raichur), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), Gujarat (Banaskantha); some quantities also found in Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. |
Very meager reserves; almost all copper comes from Singbhum and Hazaribagh in Jharkhand and Khetri in Rajasthan. |
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Crude oil |
51.08 crore tones |
Assam, Tripura, Manipur, West Bengal, Ganga Valley, Himachal Pradesh, Kutch of West Bengal coast, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. |
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Lignite |
429 crore tones |
Tamil Nadu (Neyveli fields) Some deposits also found in Gujarat, Punducherry, Rajasthan (Palana fields) Jammu and Kashmir (Riasi fields). |
Maximum deposits of about 383 cioie tones, are found in Tamil Nadu. |
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Gold |
India's contribution to gold production across the world is less than one percen (0.75%). |
Karnataka (Kolar gold fields, Hutt t Mines), in small quantities in Andhra Pradesh (Ramgiri gold fields and Anantpur). |
Karnataka was the leading producer of i gold accounting for 99% of the total 1 production. The remaining production came from Jharkhand. |
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Magnesite |
23.91 crore tones |
Tamil Nadu (Salem), Uttrancha (Almora, Chamoli, Pithoragarh),Karnataka (Mysore, Hassan) |
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INDUSTRY
Agro-Based Industry
This group of industries depend on the raw material produced by agricultural sector. The products comprise mostly of the consumer goods.
Cotton Textiles Industry
Cotton accounts for 70% of the total fabric produced.
Geographical distribution
Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, Solapur, Pune, Nagpur
(Maharashtra and Gujarat). Coimbatore, Madurai and Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Ludhiana (Punjab), Bengaluru (Karnataka),Kolkata (West Bengal), Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh).
Woolen Textile Industry
Georaphical spread
Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), Dhariwal and Ludhiana (Punjab), Mumbai (Maharashtra), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Jamnagar (Gujarat), Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir).
Jute Textiles Industry
Geographical location
Sugar Industry
Indian sugar industry is the second largest agro-based industry in India.
Geographical distribution
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alone account for 70% of th productive capacity and 75% of the total employment of 30 lakh.
(i) fertile alluvial soil, rich in lime and potash;
(ii) level topography-suitable for irrigation;
(iii) abundant water for washing and processing;
(iv) sugar industry is relatively independent of coal and electricity, because bagasse is enough to run steam;
(v) densely populated market with excellent transport links;
(vi) availability of cheap labour;
(vii) cultivation is done in compact block, which ensures ready availability of fresh cane to factories.
Differences in Sugar production in North India and Peninsular India.
3. The crushing season is longer in the south, where it lasts from October to May-June. In the north, it lasts from November to February.
Silk Industry
Metallurgical Industries
Iron and Steel Industry
Different Steel Plants and their location
TISCO (Jharkhand) \[\to \]1907
Visweswaraya Steel Plant (Karnataka) \[\to \] 1923
Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) \[\to \]1957
Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) \[\to \] 1964
Rourkela Steel Plant (Orissa) \[\to \] 1959
Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) \[\to \] 1959
Aluminium Smelting Industry
Engineering Industries
Automobile Industry
Fertilizer Industry
Aircraft Industry
Main Centres |
Public Sector |
Kolkata (West Bengal) |
The Garden Reach work shop |
Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) |
Hindustan Shipyard Ltd. |
Cochin (Kerala) |
Cochin Shipyard Ltd. |
Mumbai (Maharastra) |
The Mazgaom Dock |
Goa |
Goa Shipyard. |
Cement Industry
Glass Industry
India Towns Associated with Industries
Town |
State |
Indistries |
Ahmedabad |
Gujarat |
Cotton Textiles |
Agra |
U.P. |
Leather, Marble, Carpet, glass |
Aligarh |
U.P, |
Locks, Cultery |
Ankleshwar |
Gujarat |
Oil Fields |
Ambernath |
Maharashtra |
Machine Tools |
Anand |
Gujarat |
Milk and its Products |
Ambala |
Haryana |
Scientific Instruments |
Bangalore |
Karnataka |
Telephones Aircrafts, Motors, Cotton, Textiles, Toys |
Batanagar |
West Bengal |
Shoes |
Barielly |
Uttar Pradesh |
Resin Industries, Match Factory |
Bhilai |
Chhattisgarh |
Steel Plant |
Bhandara |
Maharashtra |
Explosives |
Bhadravati |
Karnataka |
Iron & Steel |
Bhadohi |
Uttar Pradesh |
Carpets |
Churk |
Madhya Pradesh |
Cement |
Cyberabad |
Andhra Pradesh |
Electronics, Computers, Information Technology |
Chitranjan |
West Bengal |
Locomotive |
Kolkata |
West Bengal |
Jute, Leather, Electric goods |
Cochin |
Kerala |
Coffee, Coconut |
Digboi |
Assam |
Petroleum |
Darjeeling |
Best Bengal |
Tea |
Frazabad |
Madhya Pradesh |
Bangal Works |
Hardwar |
Uttarkhand |
Heavy electricals |
Jamshedpur |
Jharkhand |
Iron & Steel, Locomotives, Railway Coaches |
Jabalpur |
Madhya Pradesh |
Bidi Industry |
Jainakot |
Jammu & Kashmir |
H.M.T. Watch |
Kanpur |
Uttar Pradesh |
Cotton and Woollen mills, Leather, sugar |
Katni |
Madhya Pradesh |
Cement |
Koyna |
Maharashtra |
Aluminium factory |
Kanchipuram |
Tamil Nadu |
Silk Clothes |
Karnal |
Haryana |
Dairy product |
Kandia |
Gujarat |
Chemical fertiliser, famous port |
Khetri |
Rajasthan |
Copper Industries |
Ludhiana |
Punjab |
Hosiery |
Lucknow |
Uttar Pradesh |
Embroidery work, chicken work |
Mathura |
Uttar Pradesh |
Oil refinery |
Meerut |
Uttar Pradesh |
Publication work, sports goods, scissors making |
Modinagar |
Uttar Pradesh |
Nylon thread |
Nagpur |
Maharashtra |
Cotton mills |
Nepanagar |
Madhya Pradesh |
Newsprint |
Panna |
Madhya Pradesh |
Diamond Mining |
Pinjore |
Haryana |
Hindustan Machines Tools |
Raniganj |
West Bengal |
Coal mining |
Renukoote |
Uttar Pradesh |
Aluminium plant |
Rishikesh |
Uttarkhand |
Antibiotic plant |
Saharanpur |
Uttar Pradesh |
Cigarett factory, News print |
Srinagar |
Jammu & Kashmir |
Woolen shawls, silk, woodwork |
Surat |
Gujarat |
Cotton textiles, Diamond Cutting |
Vishakhapatnam |
Andhra Pradesh |
Ship building, Iron, and steel, oil refinery |
Varanasi |
Uttar Padesh |
Rail Engines and Saari Industries |
ENERGY
Conventional Energy
Major Power Plants
Thermal Power Plant
Power Station |
Operator |
Year of Establishment |
Location |
District |
State |
Talcher Super Thermal Power Station |
NTPC |
1995 |
Kaniha |
Angul |
Odisha |
Sipat Thermal Power Plant |
NTPC |
2008 |
Sipat |
Bilaspur |
Chhattisgarh |
Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station |
NTPC |
2013 |
Singrauli |
Vindhya Nagar |
Madhya Pradesh |
Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project |
Tata Power |
2009 |
Mundra |
Kutch |
Gujarat |
Korba Super Thermal Power Plant |
NTPC |
1983 |
Jamani Palli |
Korba |
Chhattisgarh |
Bhusawal Thermal Power Station |
MAHAG ENCO |
1968 |
Deepnagar Jalgaon |
Jalgao |
Maharashtra |
Satpura Thermal Power Station |
MPPGCL |
1967 |
Sarni |
Betul |
Madhya Pradesh |
Sterlite Jharsuguda Power Station |
Vedanta |
2006 |
Jharsuguda |
Jharsuguda |
Odisha |
Durgapur Thermal Power Station |
DVC |
1996 |
Durgapur |
Bardhaman |
West Bengal |
Nuclear Power Plant
Power Station |
Operator |
Year of Establishment |
Location |
District |
State |
Tarapur Atomic Power Station |
NPCIL |
1969 |
Tarapur |
Thane |
Maharashtra |
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station |
NPCIL |
1973 |
Rawatbhata |
Chittorgarh |
Rajasthan |
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station |
NPCIL |
1993 |
Kakrapar |
Surat |
Gujarat |
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant |
NPCIL |
2013 |
Kudankulam |
Tirunelveli |
Tamil Nadu |
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant |
NPCIL |
2000 |
Kaiga |
Uttara Kannada |
Kamataka |
Madras Atomic Power Station |
NPCIL |
1984 |
Kalpakkam |
Kancheepuram |
Tamil Nadu |
Narora Atomic Power Station |
NPCIL |
1991 |
Narora |
Bulandshahar |
Uttar Pradesh |
Gorakhpur Atomic Power Station |
NPCIL |
|
Fatehabad |
Fatehabad |
Haryana |
Hydro Power Plant
Power Station |
Operator |
Year of Establishment |
Location |
State |
Bhakra Dam |
BBMB |
1963 |
Bilaspur |
Himachal Pradesh, |
Tehri Dam |
THDC India Limited |
2006 |
Tehri |
Uttarakhand |
Machkund |
APGENCO |
1955 |
Jeypore |
Andhra Pradesh |
Hirakund - I |
OHPC |
1957 |
Burla |
Odisha |
Saradar Sarovar-RBPH |
SSNNL |
2006 |
Navagam |
Gujrat |
Wind Power Plant
Power Station |
Operator |
Year of Establishment |
Location |
State |
Muppandal Wind Farm |
Muppandal Winds |
1985 |
Kanyakumri |
Tamil Nadu |
Jaisalmer Wind Farm |
Suzlon Energy |
2001 |
Jaisalmer |
Rajasthan |
Brahmanvel Wind Farm |
Parakh Agro Industry |
2006 |
Dhule |
Maharashtra |
Dhalgaon |
Grade Mission Export |
2008 |
Sangli |
Maharashtra |
Damanjodi wind Plant |
Suzlon Energy |
2014 |
Koraput |
Odisha |
India's Major Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power Plants
Power Station |
Operator |
Year of Establishment |
Location |
State |
Charanka Solar Power Plant |
GMR group |
2012 |
Patan |
Gujarat |
Neemuch Solar Power Plant |
Welspun Solar. |
2014 |
Neemuch |
Madhya Pradesh |
Sakri Power Plant |
Maharashtra state power generation company |
2013 |
Dhule |
Maharashtra |
GEDCOL Solar Power Plant |
Green Energy Development Corporation Ltd. |
2014 |
Boudh district |
Odisha |
Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Plant |
Reliance Industries |
2012 |
Jaisalmer |
Rajasthan |
OTHER ENERGY SOURCES
The Gulf of Khambhat (7000 MW), followed by Gulf of Kachchh (1000 MW) and Sunderbans (100 MW) are significant sites for tidal power. The feasibility of a tidal power project at Durgaduani creek in Sunderbans area of West Bengal is also being examined.
MAJOR PORTS
On the West Coast
1. Cochin Port, Kerala: It is major natural port. It deals in fertilizers, petroleum and general cargo.
2. Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Maharashtra: Major port in Mumbai. It is ranked among world?s top 30 ports. Earlier it was called as Nhava Sheva.
3. Kandia Port, Gujarat: It is a tidal port and a free trade zone has been set up here. Important traffic handles are crude oil, petroleum products, edible oil, foodgrains, salt, cotton etc. It is located in Runn of Kachchh.
4. Marmugao Port, Goa: One of the oldest natural harbor on west coast. It was declared a major port. In 1963. It occupies the fifth position in terms of total quantum of traffic handled.
5. New Mangalore Port, Karnataka: It is an all-weather port. Iron ore of Kudremukh is being exported now here.
Other items are petroleum products, fertilizers, molasses, etc. It is an Artificial Lagoon port.
6. Port of Mumbai, Maharashtra: Port of Mumbai has long been the principal gateway of India. Mumbai handles the maximum traffic. It is a natural harbour with wet dock. It handles over one fifth of the total traffic of ports, mostly petroleum products and dry cargo.
On the East Coast
7. Kolkata Port, West Bengal: Kolkata is the oldest major port in the country. Kolkata Port is India's only riverine port. It has the most sophisticated port facilities with extensive storage facility for diverse cargo.
8. Paradip Port, Odisha: One of India's major ports, located in Paradip. Government of India declared Paradip as the Eighth Major Port of India on 18 April 1966 making it the first major port in the east coast commissioned in Independent India. It handles iron ore and some quantities of coal and dry cargo. It is a wet dock.
9. Port of Cheimai, Tamil Nadu: It is the second largest port in the volume of traffic handled. Important items are petroleum products, crude oil, fertilizers, iron ore and dry cargo and oldest artificial port of India. It has artificial harbour and a wet dock.
10. Port of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh: It is described as the Brightest Jewel of all Indian major ports for its outstanding performance and productivity. It is the deepest port. An outer harbour has been developed for exporting iron ore and a berth for crude oil is located here. It has both artificial and natural harbour.
11. Tuticorin Port, Tamil Nadu : Tuticorin Port is anartificial deep-sea harbour. It is an all-weather port. It handles mainly coal, salt, edible oil, dry cargo and petroleum products.
12. Kamarajor Port Ltd. Tamil Nadu: It is the 12th major port and first corporatised major port in India; a Government of India undertaking. It handles coal, iron ore, LNG, chemical & other liquids, & crude since 2001.
Artificial harbour is found here.
Ennore Port, officially renamed Kamarajar Port limited, is located on the Coromandel Coast.
13. Portblair-Andman Nicobar: It is the latest addition to the major port on June 2010, the thirteen port in the country.
Minor and Intermediate Ports
There are 140 such ports which include Rediport (Maharashtra), Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) and Calicut (Kerala). Other ports proposed to be developed as minor ports are Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep and Puducherry. These ports can relieve the overloaded major ports and can be used as bases for deep-sea fishing. These ports mainly serve coastal trade and support passenger traffic where there is no proper rail or road link.
Tribal Groups of India |
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Tribal Group |
Found in |
Tribal Group |
Found in |
Abhor |
Arunachal Pradesh |
Khond |
Jharkhand |
Adivasi |
AP, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Some Northeastern States, West Bangal, Andaman and Nicobar |
Khasi |
Meghalaya |
Ahgani |
Manipur |
Kharia |
Jharkhand, Odisha |
Apatani |
Arunachal Pradesh |
Kol |
Madhya Pradesh |
Baiga |
Madhya Pradesh |
Kolam |
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, MP |
Bakarwal |
Jammu and Kashmir |
Kota |
Karnataka |
Bhil |
M.P and Rajasthan |
Kuki |
Mizoram |
Birhor |
M.P and Bihar |
Lahaula |
Himachal Pradesh |
Chang |
Nagaland |
Lepcha |
Sikkim |
Chenchuas |
Telengana, Karnataka |
Lushai |
Mizoram, Manipur |
Sutiya |
Assam |
Muria |
Chhattisgarh |
Gaddis |
Himachal Pradesh |
Miha |
Rajasthan |
Gallong |
Arunachal Pradesh |
Moplah |
Malabar |
Garo |
Meghalaya |
Munda |
West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattishgarh |
Gond |
M.P and Bihar |
Nishi |
Assam |
Gujjar |
Rajasthan |
Naga |
Nagaland |
Irula |
Tamil Nadu |
Oraon |
MP, Bihar and Odisha, Chhotanagpur, WB, |
Jaintia |
Meghalaya |
Onges |
Andaman & Nicobar |
Jarawa |
Andamans |
Singpho |
Assam, Arunachal Pradesh |
Kanikar |
Tamil Nadu and Kerala |
Santhal |
WB, Odisha & Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam |
Kalkari |
Maharashtra |
Sangtam |
Nagaland |
Kharia |
Maharashtra |
Sema |
Nagaland |
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Sentinelese |
Andaman & Nicobar |
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Shompen |
Andaman & Nicobar |
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Toda |
Tamil Nadu |
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Uralis |
Kerala |
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Wancho |
Arunachal Pradesh |
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Warli
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Maharashtra, Daman and Diu, Bihar, Madhaya Pradesh, West Bengal Dadra, Nasar Haveli |
Population Analysis (Census-2011)
(i) U.P. - 19.981 crore
(ii) Maharastra - 11.237 crore
(iii) Bihar - 10.409 crore
Highest Population (Union Territory)
(i) Delhi - 16787941
(ii) Puducherry - 1247953
(iii) Chandigarh - 1055450
(i) Sikkim - 610,577
(ii) Mizoram- 1,097,206
Lowest population (U.T.)
(i) Lakshadweep - 64,473
(ii) Daman & Diu - 243,247
(i) Kerala-94%
(ii) Mizoram-91.3%
(iii) Goa- 88.7%
(iv) Tripura - 87.2%
(i) Bihar-61.8%
(ii) Arunanchal Pradesh - 65.4%
(iii) Rajasthan- 66.1%
Highest Literacy (U.T.)
(i) Lakshedweep - 91.8%
(ii) Daman & Diu-87.1%
(iii) Andmann & Nicobar Island - 86.6%
Lowest Literacy (U.T.)
(i) Dadara & Nagar Haveli - 76.2%
(ii) Puducherry - 85.8%
(i) Kerala - 1084
(ii) Tamil nadu - 996
(iii) Andhra pradesh - 993
Lowest Sex Ratio (State)
(i) Haryana - 879
(ii) Jammu & Kasmir - 889
(iii) Sikkim - 890
Highest Sex Ratio (U.T.)
(i) Puducherry - 1087
(ii) Lakshadweep - 947
(iii) Andmann & Nicobar Island - 876
Lowest Sex Ratio (U.T.)
(i) Daman & Diu-618
(ii) Dadra & Nagar Haweli - 774
(i) Bihar-1106
(ii) W. Bengal - 1028
(iii) Kerala - 860
Highest Density (U.T.)
(i) Delhi-11320
(ii) Chandigarh - 9258
(iii) Puducherry - 2547
Lowest Density (State)
(i) Arunanchal Pradesh - 17
(ii) Mizoram - 52
(iii) Sikkim - 86
Lowest Density (U.T.)
(i) Andman & Nicobar - 46
(ii) Dadra and Nagar Haweli - 700
(i) Meghalaya - 27.9
(ii) Arunanchal Pradeah - 26.0
(iii) Bihar - 25.4
Lowest population growth (State)
(i) Nagaland - (-) 0.6
(ii) Kerala - 4.9
(iii) Lakshadweep - 6.3
Highest population growth (U.T.)
(i) Dadar& Nagar Haweli - 55.90
(ii) Daman & Diu - 53.8
Lowest population growth (U.T.)
(i) Lakshadweep - 6.3
(ii) Andmann & Nicobar Island - 6.9
Ethnic Groups |
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Tribes |
Race |
Islands |
Onges |
Negroid |
Little Nicobar |
Sentmelese |
Negroid |
Sentinel Island |
Jarawa |
Negroid |
Middle & South Andaman |
Andamanese |
Negroid |
Strait Island |
Shompen |
Mongloid |
Great Nicobar |
Nicobarese |
Mongloid |
Great Nicobar |
Multipurpose Projects
Sr. No. |
Name of the Project |
River |
Purpose |
Beneficiary States |
1. |
Bhakra-Nangal Project The project consists of: (i) Bhakra dam (second highest in the world) - 518 m long, 226 high (ii) Nangal dam (iii) Nangal hydel channels (iv) 4 power houses (Biggest in Asia) |
Sutlej (Hoshiarpur district in Punjab) |
Power and irrigation |
Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan |
2. |
Damodar Valley Corporation Project The project consists of: (i) Tilaiya dam (ii) Konar dam (iii) Maithon dam (iv) Panchet Hill dam (v) Power houses at Bokaro, Durgapur, and Chandrapur |
Damodar |
Power, irrigation, flood control |
Bihar and West Bengal, shared by Madhya Pradesh |
3. |
Hirakund This is a dam project. The main dam is 4,800 m long, 28.9 m high (World?s largest mainstream dam) |
Mahanadi |
Power and irrigation |
Odisha |
4. |
Tungabhadra Project |
Tungabhadra (tributary of river Krishna) |
Power and irrigation |
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka |
5. |
Mayurakshi Project |
Murali |
Power and irrigation |
West Bengal |
6. |
Nagarjunasagar Project |
Krishna |
Power and irrigation |
Andhra Pradesh |
7. |
Gandak River Project |
Gandak (tributary of Ganga) |
Power and irrigation |
Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Nepal (Joint venture of India and Nepal) |
8. |
Kosi Project |
Kosi |
Flood control, power and irrigation |
Bihar |
9. |
Farakka Project |
Ganga, Bhagirathi |
Power, irrigation, avoid accumulation of silt to improve navigation |
West Bengal |
10. |
Beas Project Units : Beas-Sutlej link Beas dam at Pong Beas transmission system |
Beas |
Irrigation and power |
Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh |
11. |
Rajasthan Canal Project |
Sutlej in Punjab, Beas, and Ravi |
Irrigation |
Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana |
12. |
Chambal Project Units (a) Gandhisagar dam (b) Rana Pratap Sagar dam (c) Jawahar Sagar dam |
Chambal |
Power and irrigation |
Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan |
13. |
Kakrapara Project |
Tapti |
Irrigation |
Gujarat |
14. |
Nagpur Power Station |
|
Koradi |
Thermal power Maharashtra |
15. |
Ukai Project |
Tapti |
Power and irrigation |
Gujarat |
16. |
Tawa Project |
Tawa (Narmada) |
Irrigation |
Madhya Pradesh |
17. |
Poochampad Project |
Godavari |
Irrigation |
Andhra Pradesh |
18. |
Malaprabha Proiect |
Malaprabha |
Irrigation |
Karnataka |
19. |
Durgapur Barrage |
Damodar |
Irrigation, Navigation, between Kolkata and Raniganj |
West Bengal and Bihar |
20. |
Mahi |
Mahi |
Irrigation |
Gujarat |
21. |
Mahanadi Delta Project |
Mahanadi |
Irrigation |
Orissa |
22. |
Idukki Project |
Periyar |
Hydroelectricity |
Kerala |
23. |
Koyna Project |
Koyna |
Hydroelectricity |
Maharashtra |
24. |
Upper Krishna Project |
Krishna |
Irrigation |
Karnataka |
25. |
Ramaganga Multipurpose Project |
Chisot stream near kala |
Power and irrigation |
Uttar Pradesh |
26. |
Matatilla project |
Betwa |
Multipurpose power and irrigation |
Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh |
27. |
Tehri Dam Project |
Bhilangana, Bhagirath |
Hydroelectricity |
Uttar Pradesh |
28. |
Narmada Sagar Valley Project |
Narmada |
- |
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra |
29. |
Obra Power Station |
Obra |
Thermal power |
Uttar Pradesh |
30. |
Rihand Scheme |
Rihand |
Hydroelectricity |
Uttar Pradesh |
31. |
Kundah Project |
Kundah |
Hydroelectricity and irrigation |
Tamil Nadu |
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