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Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane orbenzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water.
Explain.
Molecules which have polar nature or are capable to form hydrogen bondare generally soluble in water.
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What are the expected products of hydrolysis of lactose?
Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose -and galactose. On hydrolysis, it willproduce monosaccharides.
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How do you explain the absence of aldehyde group in thepenta acetate of D-glucose?
Free aldehyde group (—CHO) gives reaction with Tollen's reagent, Fehling reagent etc.
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The melting points and solubility in water of amino acidsare generally higher than that of the corresponding halo acids. Explain.
Higher the polarity of a group, more is its solubility in water.
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Where does the water present in the egg go after boiling theegg?
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Why cannot vitamin C be stored in our body?
Consider water soluble nature of vitamin C.
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What products would be formed when a nucleotide fromDNA containing thymine is hydrolysed?
Give the composition of DNA molecule as on hydrolysis it gives its all constituents.
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When RNA is hydrolysed, there is no relationship amongthe quantities of different bases obtained. What does this fact suggestabout the structure ofRNA?
Single stranded structure of RNA.
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What are monosaccharides?
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What are reducing sugars?
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Write two main functions of carbohydrates in plants.
Recall different carbohydrates present in plants with their functions.
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Classify the following into monosaccharides anddisaccharides. Ribose, 2-deoxyribose, maltose, galactose, fructose andlactose.
Monosaccharides do not undergo hydrolysis whereas disaccharides givetwo molecules of monosaccharides when subjected to hydrolysis.
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What do you understand by the term glycosidic linkage?
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What is glycogen? How is it different form starch?
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What are the hydrolysis products of
(i) sucrose and (ii) lactose?
(i) Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose and lactose is adisaccharide of glucose and galactose.
(ii) Disaccharides on hydrolysis give monosaccharides.
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What is the basic structural difference between starch andcellulose?
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What happens when D-glucose is treated
with thefollowing reagents?
(i)
(ii)
Bromine water (iii)
(i) HI being a strong reducing
agent, converts all functional groups into alkanes.
(ii)
is mild oxidizing
agent and converts
group info
group
(i.e.. partial oxidation)
(iii)
being a strong oxidizing
agent converts ?CHO as well as
group into ?COOH
(/',e,, complete oxidation)
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Enumerate the reactions of D-glucose which cannot beexplained by its open chain structure.
Give reactions which are characteristic of aldehydic group but not shown glycose as in it free —CHO group is not present
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What are the essential and non-essential amino acids?
Give two examples of each type.
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Define the following as related to proteins.
(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation.
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What are the common types of secondary
structure ofproteins?
Describe -the two types
-helix
and
-pleated
structure.
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What type of
bonding helps in stabilising the a-helixstructure
of proteins?
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Differentiate between globular and fibrous proteins.
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How do you explain the amphoteric
behaviour of ammoacids?
Amphoteric behavior is due to the
presence of basic group
and acidic group
.
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What are enzymes?
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What is the effect of denaturation on the structure ofproteins?
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How are vitamins classified? Name the vitaminresponsible for the coagulation of blood.
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Why are vitamin A and vitamin C essential to us? Givetheir important sources.
Discuss about deficiency diseases related to these vitamins, and theirsources.
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What are nucleic acids? Mention their two importantfunctions.
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What is the difference between a nucleoside and anucleotide?
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The two strands in DNA are not identical but arecomplementary. Explain.
(i) Discuss the bonding and pairing of bases.
(ii) Draw the double helical structure of DNA molecule.
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question_answer32)
Glycogen is a branched chain polymer
of a-D-
glucose units in which chain is
formed by glycosidic
linkage whereas branching
occurs by the formation of glycosidic
linkage. Structure of glycogen is similar
to......
(a) Amylose (b)
Amylopecdn
(c) Cellulose (d) Glucose
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question_answer33)
Which of the following polymer is
stored in the liver of animals ?
(a) Amylose (b)
Cellulose
(c) Amylopectin (d) Glycogen
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question_answer34)
Sucrose (cane sugar) is
disaccharide. One molecule of sucrose on hydrolysis gives ........
(a)2 molecules
of glucose
(b)2 molecules of glucose +1 molecule
of fructose
(c) 1 molecule of glucose + 1 molecule
of fructose
(d) 1 molecules of fructose
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question_answer35)
Which of the following pairs
represents anomers ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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question_answer36)
Proteins are found to have two
different types of secondary structures viz. a-helix and
pleated
sheet structure. a-Helix structure of protein is established by :
(a)Peptide bonds
(b)van der Waals forces
(c)Hydrogen bonds
(d)Dipole-dipole interactions
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question_answer37)
In disaccharides, if the reducing
groups of monosaccharides, i.e., aldehydic or ketonic groups are bonded, these
are non-reducing sugars. Which of the following disaccharide is a non-reducing
sugar?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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question_answer38)
Which of the following acids is a
vitamin ?
(a) As pardc acid (b) Ascorbic
acid
(c) Adipic acid (d)
Saccharic acid
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question_answer39)
Dinucleotide is obtained by joining
two nucleotides together by phosphodiester linkage.
Between which carbon atoms of
pentose sugars of nucleotides are these linkages present ?
(a) 5' and 3' (b) 1?
and 5'
(c) 5' and 5' (d) 3'
and 3'
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question_answer40)
Nucleic acids are the polymers
of.......
(a) Nucleosides (b) Nucleotides
(c) Bases (d)
Sugars
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question_answer41)
Which of the following statements is
not true
about glucose ?
(a)It is an aldohexose
(b)On heating with HI it forms n-hexane
(c)It is present in fur a nose form
(d)It does not give 2, 4-DNP test.
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question_answer42)
Each polypeptide in a protein has
ammo acids linked with each other in a specific sequence.
This sequence of ammo acids is said
to be.......
(a)primary structure of proteins
(b)secondary structure of proteins
(c)tertiary structure of proteins
(d)quaternary structure of proteins
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question_answer43)
DNA and RNA contain four bases each.
Which of the following bases is not present in RNA ?
(a) Adenine (b) Uracil
(c) Thymine (d) Cytosine
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question_answer44)
Which of the following B group
vitamins can
be stored in our body ?
(a) Vitamin (b) Vitamin
(c) Vitamin (d)
Vitamin
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question_answer45)
Which of the following bases is not
present in DNA?
(a) Adenine (b) Thymine
(c) Cytosine (d) Uracil
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question_answer46)
Three cyclic structures of
monosaccharides are given below which of these are anomers
(a) I and II (b)
II and III
(c) I and III
(d)III is anomer of I and II
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question_answer47)
Which of the following reactions of
glucose can be explained only by its cyclic structure ?
(a)Glucose forms pent acetate
(b)Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to
form an oxime
(c)Pentaacetate of glucose does not
react with hydroxylamine
(d)Glucose is oxidised by nitric acid
to gluconic acid
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question_answer48)
Optical rotations of some compounds
along with their structures are given below. Which of them have D configuration
?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
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question_answer49)
Structure of a disaccharide formed
by glucose and fructose is given below. Identify anomeric carbon atoms in
monosaccharide units.
(a)'a' carbon of glucose and 'a' carbon
of fructose
(b)'a' carbon of glucose and 'e' carbon
of fructose
(c)'a' carbon of glucose and 'b' carbon
of fructose
(d)'f carbon of glucose and 'f carbon
of fructose
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question_answer50)
Three structures are given below in
which two glucose units are linked. Which of these linkages between glucose
units are between and and which linkages are
between and?
(A) is between and , (B) and (C) are
between and
(b) (A) and (B) are between and , (C) is
between and
(c) (A) and (C) are between and , (B) is
between and
(d)(A) and (C) are between and , (B) is
between and
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question_answer51)
Carbohydrates are classified on the
basis of their behaviour on hydrolysis and also as reducing or non-reducing
sugar. Sucrose is a
(a) monosaccharide (b)
disaccharide
(c) reducing sugar
(d) non-reducing sugar
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question_answer52)
Proteins can be classified into two
types on the basis of their molecular shape, i.e., fibrous proteins and
globular proteins. Examples of globular proteins are:
(a) Insulin (b)
Keratin
(c) Albumin (d) Myosin
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question_answer53)
Which of the following carbohydrates
are branched polymer of glucose ?
(a) Amylose (b)
Amylopectin
(c) Cellulose (d)
Glycogen
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question_answer54)
Ammo acids are classified as acidic,
basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl
groups in their molecule.
Which of the following are acidic?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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question_answer55)
Lysine,is.........
(a) Amino
acid (b) Basic amino acid
(c) Amino acid synthesised in body
(d)Amino acid
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question_answer56)
Which of the following
monosaccharides are present as five membered cyclic structure (furanose
structure) ?
(a) Ribose (b)
Glucose
(c)Fructose (d)
Galactose
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question_answer57)
In fibrous proteins, polypeptide
chains are held together by.......
(a)van der Waals forces
(b)disulphide linkage
(c)electrostatic forces of attraction
(d)hydrogen bonds
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question_answer58)
Which of the following are purine
bases ?
(a) Guanine (b) Adenine
(c) Thymine (d) Uracil
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question_answer59)
Which of the following terms are
correct about enzyme ?
(a) Proteins (b)
Dinucleotides
(c) Nucleic acids (d) Biocatalysts
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question_answer60)
Name the sugar present in milk. How
many monosaccharide units are present in it ? What are such oligosaccharides
called ?
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question_answer61)
How do you explain the presence of
all the six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight chain ?
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question_answer62)
In nucleoside, a base is attached at
1' position of sugar moiety. Nucleotide is formed by linking of phosphoric acid
unit to the sugar unit of nucleoside. At which position of sugar unit is the
phosphoric acid linked in a nucleoside to give a nucleotide ?
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question_answer63)
Name the linkage connecting
monosaccharide units in polysaccharides.
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question_answer64)
Under what conditions glucose is
converted to gluconic and saccharic acid ?
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question_answer65)
Monosaccharide?s contain carbonyl
group hence are classified, as aldose or ketose. The number of carbon atoms
present in the monosaccharide molecule are also considered for classification.
In which class of monosaccharide will you place fructose ?
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question_answer66)
The letters 'D' or 'L' before the
name of a stereoisomer of a compound indicates the correlation of configuration
of that particular stereoisomer. This refers to their relation with one of the
isomers of glyceraldehyde. Predict whether the following compound has 'D' or
'L' configuration.
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question_answer67)
Aldopentoses named as ribose and
2-deoxyribose are found in nucleic acids. What is their relative |f
configuration ?
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question_answer68)
Which sugar is called invert sugar ?
Why is it called so ?
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question_answer69)
Amino acids can be classified as and so on depending upon
the relative position of amino group with respect to carboxyl group. Which type
of amino acids form polypeptide chain in proteins ?
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question_answer70)
Helix
is a secondary structure of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide chain
into right handed screw like structures. Which type of interactions are
responsible for making the helix
structure stable ?
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question_answer71)
Some enzymes are named after the
reaction, where they are used. What name is given to the class of enzymes which
catalyse the oxidation of one substrate with simultaneous reduction of another substrate.
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question_answer72)
During curdling of milk, what
happens to sugar present in it?
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question_answer73)
How do you explain the presence of
five - OH groups in glucose molecule ?
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question_answer74)
Why does compound (A) given
below not form an oxime ?
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question_answer75)
Why must vitamin C be supplied
regularly in diet ?
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question_answer76)
Sucrose is dextrorotatory but the
mixture obtained after hydrolysis is laevorotatory. Explain
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question_answer77)
Amino acids behave like salts rather
than simple amines or carboxylic acids. Explain.
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question_answer78)
Structures of glycine and alanine
are given below. Show the peptide linkage in glycylalanine.
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question_answer79)
Protein found in a biological system
with a unique three-dimensional structure and biological activity is called a
native protein. When a protein in its native form, is subjected to a physical
change like change in temperature or a chemical change like, change in pH,
denaturation of protein takes place.
Explain the cause.
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question_answer80)
Activation energy for the acid
catalysed hydrolysis of sucrose is 6.22 kJ ,
while the activation energy is only 2.15 kJ when
hydrolysis is catalysed by the enzyme sucrase. Explain.
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question_answer81)
How do you explain the presence of
an aldehydic group in a glucose molecule ?
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question_answer82)
Which moieties of nucleosides are
involved in the formation of phosphodiester linkages present in dinucleotides ?
What does the word diester in the name of linkage indicate ? Which acid is
involved in the formation of this linkage ?
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question_answer83)
What are glycosidic linkages ? In
which type of biomolecules are they present ?
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question_answer84)
Which monosaccharide units are
present in starch, cellulose and glycogen and which linkages link these units ?
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question_answer85)
How do enzymes help a substrate to
be attacked by the reagent effectively ?
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question_answer86)
Describe the term D- and
L-configuration used for amino acids with examples.
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question_answer87)
How will you distinguish 1° and 2°
hydroxyl groups present in glucose ? Explain with reactions.
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question_answer88)
Coagulation of egg white on boiling
is an example of denaturation of protein. Explain it in terms of structural
changes.
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question_answer89)
Match the vitamins given in Column I
with the deficiency disease they cause given in Colum II
|
Column I
|
|
Column II
|
(i)
|
Vitamin A
|
(a)
|
Pernicious anaemia
|
(ii)
|
Vitamin
|
(b)
|
Increased blood
clotting time
|
(iii)
|
Vitamin
|
(c)
|
Xerophthalmia
|
(iv)
|
Vitamin C
|
(d)
|
Rickets
|
(v)
|
Vitamin D
|
(e)
|
Muscular weakness
|
(vi)
|
Vitamin E
|
(f)
|
Night blindness
|
(vii)
|
Vitamin K
|
(g)
|
Beri Beri
|
|
|
(h)
|
Bleeding gums
|
|
|
(i)
|
Osteomalacia
|
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question_answer90)
Match the following enzymes given in
Column I with the reactions they catalyse given in Column II
|
Column I
|
|
Column II
|
(i)
|
Invertase
|
(a)
|
Decomposition of urea into and
|
(ii)
|
Maltase
|
(b)
|
Conversion of glucose into ethyl
alcohol
|
(iii)
|
Pepsin
|
(c)
|
Hydrolysis of maltose into glucose
|
(iv)
|
Urease
|
(d)
|
Hydrolysis of cane sugar
|
(v)
|
Zymase
|
(e)
|
Hydrolysis of proteins into peptides
|
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question_answer91)
Assertion : D.(+)-Glucose is
dextrorotatory in nature.
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question_answer92)
Assertion : Vitamin D can be
stored in our body.
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question_answer93)
Assertion : Glycosidic linkage is present
in maltose.
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question_answer94)
Assertion : All naturally occurring amino acids except glycine are
optically active.
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question_answer95)
Assertion : Deoxyribose, is not a carbohydrate.
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question_answer96)
Assertion : Glycine must be
taken through diet.
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question_answer97)
Assertion : In presence of
enzyme, substrate molecule can be attacked by the reagent effectively.
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question_answer98)
Write the reactions of D-glucose
which can't be explained by its open-chain structure. How can cyclic structure
of glucose explain these reactions ?
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question_answer99)
On the basis of which evidences
D-glucose was assigned the following structure ?
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question_answer100)
Carbohydrates are essential for life
in both plants and animals. Name the carbohydrates that are used as storage
molecules in plants and animals, also name the carbohydrate which is present in
wood or in the fibre of cotton cloth.
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question_answer101)
Explain the terms primary and
secondary structure of proteins. What is the difference between helix and pleated sheet structure of
proteins ?
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question_answer102)
Write the structures of fragments
produced on complete hydrolysis of DNA. How are they linked in DNA molecule?
Draw a diagram to show pairing of nucleotide bases in double helix of DNA.
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