Free Ncert Solutions for 10th Class Science Carbon and its Compounds / कार्बन और उसके यौगिक - Studyadda.com

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10th Science Carbon and its Compounds

1)

What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula ?
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2)

What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur ? (Hint: The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring)
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3)

How many structural isomers you can you draw for pentane ?
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4)

What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us ?
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5)

What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
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6)

Draw the structures of the following compounds: (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) Brompounds: (c) Butanone (d) Hexanal Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
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7)

How would you name the following compounds ? (i) (ii) (iii)
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8)

Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction ?
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9)

A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
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10)

How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ?
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11)

What are oxidizing agents ?
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12)

Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
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13)

People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding tine soap, they beat the clothes on a stone or-beat them with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is this agitation necessary to get clean clothes?
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14)

Ethane, with the molecular formula has (a) 6 covalent bonds (b) 7 covalent bonds (c) 8 covalent bonds (d) 9 covalent bonds
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15)

Butanone is a four carbon compound with the functional group (a) Carboxylic acid (b) Aldehyde (c) Ketone (d) Alcohol
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16)

While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that (a) the food is not cooked completely (b) the fuel is not burning completely (c) the fuel is wet (d) the fuel is burning completely
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17)

Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in
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18)

Draw the electron dot structures for (i) Ethanoic acid (ii) (iii) Propanone (iv)
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19)

What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example?
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20)

How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties ?
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21)

Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water ? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as efhanol also ?
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22)

Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
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23)

Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap .
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24)

What change will your observe if you test soap with litmus paper (blue or red) ?
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25)

What is hydrogenation ? What is its industrial application ?
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26)

Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions: and
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27)

Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil ?
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28)

Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soaps.
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29) Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of (a) Only carbon monoxide (b) carbon monoxide in traces and carbon dioxide (c) Only carbon dioxide (d) coal
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30) Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon compounds? These (i) are good conductors of electricity. (ii) are poor conductors of electricity. (iii) have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. (iv) do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
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31) A molecule of ammonia has (a) Only single bonds (b) Only double bonds (c) Only triple bonds (d) two double bonds and one single bond
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32) Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of (a) phosphorus (b) sulphur (c) carbon (d) tin
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33) Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
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34) In the above given reaction, alkaline acts as (a) reducing agent (b) oxidizing agent (c) catalyst (d) dehydrating agent
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35) Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of (a) addition reaction (b) substitution reaction (c) displacement reaction (d) oxidation reaction
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36) In which of the following compounds ?OH is the functional group? (a) Butanone (b) Butanol (c) Butanoic (d) Butanai
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37) The soap molecule has a (a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobia tail (b) hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail (c) hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail (d) hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail
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38) Which of the following is the correct representation of electron dot structure of nitrogen? (a) (b) (c) (d)
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39) Structural formula of ethane is

(a) (b) (c) (d)
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40) Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following. (i) Propane (ii) Propene (iii) Propyne (iv) Chloropropane (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
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41) Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the (a) absence of sunlight (b) presence of sunlight (c) presence of water (d) presence of hydrochloric acid
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42) In the soap micelles (a) the ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster (b) ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon chain is out of the cluster (c) both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the cluster (d) both ionic end and carbon chain are on the exterior of the cluster
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43) Pentane has the molecular formula . It has (a) 5 covalent bonds (b) 12 covalent bonds (c) 16 covalent bonds (d) 17 covalent bonds
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44) . Structural formula of benzene is (a) (b) (c) (d)
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45) Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two products. These are (a) sodium ethanoate and hydrogen (b) sodium ethanoate and oxygen (c) sodium ethoxide and hydrogen (d) sodium ethoxide and oxygen
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46) The correct structural formula of but anoic acid is (a) (b) (c) (d)
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47) Vinegar is a solution of (a) 50%-60% acetic acid in alcohol (b) 5%-8% acetic acid in alcohol (c) 5%-8% acetic acid in water (d) 50%-60% acetic acid in water
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48) Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because (i) mineral acids are completely ionized. (ii) carboxylic acids are completely ionized. (iii) mineral acids are partially ionised. (iv) carboxylic acids are partially ionised. (a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
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49) Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g., hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of (a) helium (b) neon (c) argon (d) krypton
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50) The correct electron dot structure of a water molecule is (a) (b) (c) (d)
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51) Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon? (a) (b) (c) (d)
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52) Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) and (iv)
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53) Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series? (a) (b) (c) (d)
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54) The name of the compound is (a) propanal (b) propanone (c) ethanol (d) ethanal
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55) The heteroatom?s present in are (i) oxygen (ii) carbon (iii) hydrogen (iv) chlorine (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
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56) Which of the following represents saponificafrion reaction? (a) (b) (c) (d)
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57) The first member of alkyne homologous series is (a) ethyne (b) ethene (c) propyne (d) methane
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58) Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its structural formula.
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59) Write the names of the following compounds. (a) (b) (c) (d)
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60) Identify and name the functional groups present in the following compounds. (a) (b) (c) (d)
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61) A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a few drops of . The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of carboxylic acid, (b) alcohol and (c) the compound X. Also write the reaction.
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62) Why detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps? Explain.
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63) Name the functional groups present in the following compounds. (a) (b) (c) (d)
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64) How is ethene prepared from ethanol? Give the reaction involved in it.
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65) Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment.
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66) A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
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67) Ethene is formed when ethanol at 443 K is heated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid. What is the role of sulphuric acid in this reaction? Write the balanced chemical equation of this reaction.
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68) Carbon, group (14) element in the periodic table, is known to form compounds with many elements. Write an example of a compound formed with (a) chlorine (group 17 of periodic table) (b) oxygen (group 16 of periodic table)
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69) In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses or dots. (a) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration. (b) Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.
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70) Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
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71) Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two C-atoms and show addition reaction. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.
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72) Match the reactions given in Column I with the names given in Column II.

Column I Column II

A. 1.Addition reaction

B. 2.Substitution reaction

C. 3. Neutralization reaction

D. 4. Esterification reaction

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73) Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of hexane.
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74) What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions? (a) (b) (c)
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75) A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also, write the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
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76) (a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydro carbons with two examples each. (c) What is functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.
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77) Name the reaction which is commonly used in the conversion of vegetable oils to fats. Explain the reaction involved in detail.
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78) (a) Write the formula and draw electron dot structure of carbon tetrachloride. (b) What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process.
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79) Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making perfumes. Suggest some activity and the reaction involved for the preparation of an ester with well labeled diagram.
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80) A compound C (molecular formula, 021-1402) reacts with Na metal to forma compound R and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in the presence of an acid forms a sweet smelling compound S (molecular formula, ). On addition of to C, it also gives R and water S on treatment with NaOH solution gives back R and A. Identify C, R, A, S and write down the reactions involved.
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81) Look at the figure and answer the following questions. (a) What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube B? (b) Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B respectively. (c) If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, would you expect the same change? (d) How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?
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82) How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write the reaction involved. (a) Ethanol to ethene (b) Propanol to propanoic acid Write the reactions.
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83) Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula and also give their electron dot structures.
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84) Explain the given reactions with the examples. (a) Hydrogenation reaction (b) Oxidation reaction (c) Substitution reaction (d) Saponification reaction (e) Combustion reaction
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85) An organic compound A on heating with concentrated forms a compound B which on addition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of Ni forms a compound C. One mole of compound C on combustion forms two moles of and three moles of . Identify the compounds A, Band C and write the chemical equation of the reactions involved.
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