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question_answer1) Distinguish between a photon and quantum.
question_answer2) What type of metals are used in photoelectric cells? Give one example.
question_answer3) What will happen to the mass of electron if it travels with velocity of light?
question_answer4) In summer, we are advised not to wear black clothes. Assign reason.
question_answer5) Can a moving cricket ball have a wave character?
question_answer6) What is the significance of de Broglie relationship?
question_answer7) The two electrons in the 1s orbital of helium have anti parallel spin. Why do not they have parallel spin?
question_answer8) Heisenberg uncertainty principle has no significance in our everyday life. Explain.
question_answer9) When is the energy of electron regarded as zero?
question_answer10) What is the difference between the notations \[l\] and L?
question_answer11) Out of 3d and 4s orbitals, which is filled first?
question_answer12) Why can 2p sub-shell accommodate more electrons than 2s sub-shell?
question_answer13) Write the electronic configuration of (i)\[M{{n}^{4+}}\] (ii)\[F{{e}^{3+}}\] (iii)\[C{{r}^{2+}}\] and (iv)\[Z{{n}^{2+}}\]. Report the number of unpaired electrons in each case.
question_answer14) What will be the maximum number of electrons having the same spin in an atom with\[n+l=4\]?
question_answer15) Write down all the four quantum numbers for (i) 19th electron of \[{}_{24}Cr\] (ii) 21st electron for\[{}_{21}Sc.\]
question_answer16) Name a dipositive metal ion with configuration:\[1{{s}^{2}}2{{s}^{2}}\,2{{p}^{6}}3{{s}^{2}}\,3{{p}^{6}}\,3{{d}^{5}}\]
question_answer17) We do not see a car moving as a wave on the road. Explain.
question_answer18) How are \[{{d}_{xy}}\] and \[{{d}_{{{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}}}\] orbitals related to each other?
question_answer19) What is the deviation from Aufbau Principle in case of electronic configuration of La (Z = 57)?
question_answer20) Why cathode rays are produced only when the pressure of the gas inside the discharge tube is very low?
question_answer21) Give two examples from everyday life where cathode ray tubes are used.
question_answer22) What is the difference in the origin of cathode rays and anode rays?
question_answer23) In one discharge tube,\[{{H}_{2}}\] gas is taken and in the other \[{{O}_{2}}\] gas is taken. Will the electrons and positive ions in the cathode rays and in the anode rays be same or different?
question_answer24) When \[\alpha \]-rays hit a thin foil of gold, very few \[\alpha \]-particles are deflected back. What does it prove?
question_answer25) What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?
question_answer26) Name the element in each of the following cases: (i) A bivalent anion of the element having 10 electrons (ii) A trivalent cation of the element having 10 electrons. What is the relationship between the two ions called?
question_answer27) Calculate the approximate charge in coulombs and approximate mass in kilograms of the nucleus of lithium-7 isotope.
question_answer28) Give one example of each of the following: (i) Isotope of \[_{17}^{35}Cl\] (ii) Isobar of \[_{18}^{40}Ar\] (iii) Isotone of \[_{6}^{14}C\]
question_answer29) What is the main difference between electromagnetic wave theory and Planck's quantum theory?
question_answer30) What is the difference between a quantum and a photon?
question_answer31) Which of the following relate to wave nature of light or particle nature or both? (a) Interference (b) Diffraction (c) Photoelectric effect (d) Black body radiation (e) Planck's equation, \[E=hv\] (f) Einstein equation, \[E=m{{c}^{2}}\].
question_answer32) Why are Bohr's orbits called stationary states?
question_answer33) What is the difference between ground state and excited state?
question_answer34) Why electronic energy is negative? Comment on the spacing between the energy levels.
question_answer35) What do you mean by saying that energy of the electron is quantized?
question_answer36) Why the number of lines observed in the hydrogen spectrum is very large?
question_answer37) How much energy is required for the removal of the only electron present in the hydrogen atom?
question_answer38) Which transition between Bohr orbits corresponds to third line in the Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum.
question_answer39) What are dimensions of Planck's constant? What other physical quantity has the same dimensions?
question_answer40) What experimental support is available for de Broglie's equation?
question_answer41) What will happen to the wavelength associated with a moving particle if its velocity is doubled?
question_answer42) Two particles A and B are moving with the same velocity but wavelength of A is found to be double than that of B. What do you conclude?
question_answer43) A molecule of \[{{O}_{2}}\] and that of \[S{{O}_{2}}\] travel with the same velocity. What is the ratio of their wavelengths?
question_answer44) What is the main difference between wave emitted by a bulb or heater and that associated with a particle?
question_answer45) Why the ball hit with a hockey by a player does not make a wave?
question_answer46) An electron beam after hitting a nickel crystal produces a diffraction pattern? What do you conclude?
question_answer47) An electron beam on hitting a ZnS screen produces a scintillation on it. What do you conclude?
question_answer48) Explain why the uncertainty principle is significant only for the motion of subatomic particles but is negligible for the macroscopic objects.
question_answer49) Can we apply Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to a stationary electron? Why or why not?
question_answer50) How does the wavelength of the incident photon affect the position of the electron being hit?
question_answer51) Why can't we overcome the uncertainty predicted by Heisenberg's principle by building more precise devices to reduce the error in the measurement below the \[h/4\pi \] limit?
question_answer52) At what distance is the radial probability maximum for 1s orbital? What is this distance called?
question_answer53) Which quantum number does not follow from the solution of Schrodinger wave equation?
question_answer54) What shell would be the first to have a g-subshell? How many orbitals will be possible in a g-subshell?
question_answer55) How many electrons are present in all subshells (fully-filled) with \[n+l=5\]?
question_answer56) What is the angular momentum of an electron in (i) 2 s orbital (ii) 4 f orbital?
question_answer57) What is the difference between the notations \[l\] and L?
question_answer58) What is the difference in the angular momentum of an electron present in 3p and that present in 4p orbital?
question_answer59) Why splitting of spectral lines takes place when the source giving the spectrum is placed in a magnetic field?
question_answer60) Which of the four quantum numbers\[(n,\,l,\,{{m}_{l}},\,{{m}_{s}})\] determine (a) the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom and in a many electron atom (b) the size of an orbital (c) the shape of an orbital (d) the orientation of an orbital in space?
question_answer61) Why Pauli exclusion principle is called exclusion principle?
question_answer62) Do atomic orbitals have sharp boundaries? Explain why or why not? or Why don't we draw a boundary surface diagram within which the probability of finding the electron is 100%?
question_answer63) Draw the shapes (boundary surfaces) of the following orbitals: (a)\[2{{p}_{y}}\] (b)\[3{{d}_{{{z}^{2}}}}\] (c)\[3{{d}_{{{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}}}\] (Show coordinate axes in your sketches)
question_answer64) Discuss the similarities and differences between a 1s and a 2s orbital.
question_answer65) How many radial/spherical nodes will be present in the \[5f\]orbital?
question_answer66) (i) What is common between \[{{d}_{xy}}\] and \[{{d}_{{{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}}}\] orbitals? (ii) What is the difference between them? (iii) What is the angle between the lobes of the above two orbitals?
question_answer67) For each of the following pair of hydrogen orbitals, indicate which is higher in energy? (a) \[1s,\,2s\] (b) \[2p,\,3p\] (c) \[3{{d}_{xy}},\,3{{d}_{yz}}\] (d) \[3s,\,3d\] (e) \[4f,\,5s\]
question_answer68) Which orbital in each of the following pairs is lower in energy in a many-electron atom? (a) \[2s,\,2p\] (b) \[3p,\,3d\] (c) \[3s,\,4s\] (d) \[4d,\,5f\]
question_answer69) Why Hund's rule is called rule of maximum multiplicity?
question_answer70) How many electrons is sulphur (Z = 16) can have \[n+l=3\]?
question_answer71) The \[4f\] subshell of an atom contains 10 electrons. What is the maximum number of electrons having spin in the same direction?
question_answer72) Which out of \[C{{u}^{2+}},\,F{{e}^{2+}}\] and \[C{{r}^{3+}}\] has highest paramagnetism and why?
question_answer73) What is the maximum number of electrons that can be present in an atom in which the highest principal quantum number is 4?
question_answer74) One unpaired electron in an atom contributes a magnetic moment of 1.1 B.M. Calculate the magnetic moment for chromium.
question_answer75) The ground-state electronic configurations listed here are incorrect. Explain what mistakes have been made in each and write the correct electronic configurations. \[Al:\,1{{s}^{2}}2{{s}^{2}}2{{p}^{4}}3{{s}^{2}}3{{p}^{3}}\] \[B:1{{s}^{2}}2{{s}^{2}}2{{p}^{5}}\] \[F:\,1{{s}^{2}}\,2{{s}^{2}}\,2{{p}^{6}}\]
question_answer76) What is the deviation from aufbau principle or \[(n+l)\] rule in case of electronic configuration of La (Z = 57)?
question_answer77) Which of the two is paramagnetic: V (IV) or V (V) and why?
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