| Read the following passage and answer the question that follows: |
| 'The nationalist movement in the twentieth century drew its inspiration from the events of 1857. A whole world of nationalist imagination was woven around the Revolt. It was celebrated as the First War of Independence in which all sections of the people of India came together to fight against imperial rule.? |
| 'The Revolt of 1857 marked first nationalist challenge to the English in India.' Explain giving examples the values imbibed and practiced by the rebels to set the beginning for it. |
| Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: |
| Draupadi's Questions |
| Draupadi is supposed to have asked Yudhisthira whether he had lost himself before staking her. Two contrary opinions were expressed in response to this question. |
| One, that even if Yudhisthira had lost himself earlier, his wife remained under his control, so he could stake her. Two, that an unfree man (as Yudhisthira was when he had lost himself) could -not stake another person. The matter remained unresolved; ultimately, Dhritarashtra restored to the Pandavas and Draupadi their personal freedom. |
| (i) How did Draupadi's, question unsettle everyone in the assembly? |
| (ii) What was the implication of her question? |
| (iii) What makes Draupadi's question admirable? |
| Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: |
| The Poor Peasant |
| An excerpt from Bernier's description of the peasantry ion the countryside: |
| Of the vast tracts of country constituting the empire of Hindustan, many are little more than sand, or barren, mountains, badly cultivated, and thinly populated. Even. A considerable portion of the good land. .Even a remains unfilled for want of labourers; many of whom perish in consequence of the bad treatment they experience from Governors. The poor people, when they become incapable of discharging the demands of their rapacious lords, are not only often deprived of the means of subsistence, but are also made to lose their children, who are carried away as slaves. Thus, it happens that the peasantry, driven to despair by so excessive a tyranny, abandon the country. |
| In this instance, Bernier was participating in contemporary debates in Europe concerning the nature of state and society, and intended that his description of Mughal India would? serve as a warning to those who did not recognize the merits? of private property. |
| (i) Name the book written by the Francois Bernier on the critical insight and reflection on the empire of Hindustan. |
| (ii) What description Bernier has given on the condition of Indian peasantry during the Mughal Empire? |
| (iii) Which fundamental differences he found between Mughal India and Europe during 16th and 17th century? |
| Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the questions that follow: |
| 'No space for divided loyalty' |
| Govind Ballabh Pant argued that m order to become loyal citizen's people had to stop focusing only on the community and the self. |
| For the success or democracy one must train himself in the art of self - discipline. |
| In Democracies one should care less for himself and more for others. There 'cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be centred round the states. If in a democracy you create rival loyalties, or you, create a system, in which any - individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares nought for larger or other interests, then democracy is doomed. |
| (i) 'Why did Govind Ballabh Pant lay more stress on the art of self-discipline? |
| (ii) What was considered important for the success of democracy? |
| (iii) 'In Democracies one should care less for him - self and more for other?. Give your views on this philosophy. |
| (i) On the given political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbols: |
| (a) Nageshwar |
| (b) The area where Krishna Deva Raya ruled. |
 |
| (ii) On the same outline map of India three places related to the Indian National Movement have been marked as A, B and C. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. |
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