Extraction of Metals
Category : 10th Class
Most of the metals occur in the earth's crust in the combined state. It is because they are reactive and combine with elements like oxygen, carbon, sulphur etc. Noble metals like gold, platinum etc. exist in free state as they are very less reactive. Minerals are the compounds or the combined form in which a metal occurs in the earth's crust. Ores are those minerals from which metals can be extracted conveniently and profitably. All ores are minerals, but all minerals are not ores
Some Common Ores
Sr.No. | Elements | Ores | Formula |
1. | Iron | Haematite | |
2. | Iron | Magnetite | |
3. | Aluminium | Bauxite | |
4. | Tin | Cassiterite | |
5. | Zinc | Calamine | |
6. | Mercury | Cinnabar | |
7. | Lead | Galena | |
8. | Zinc | Zinc blende | |
9. | Copper | Copper Pyrite |
Gangue
The unwanted impurities like sand, mud, stones etc present in the ore is called gangue or matrix.
Slag : Flux combines with the infusible impurities to convert them into a fusible substance called slag.
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