Answer:
(a) The
pancreas is associated with this condition and the related hormone is insulin.
The pancreas
consists of 'islets of Langerhans. The two main type of cells in islets of Langerhans
are cells
and cells
cells
secrete glucagon while (3-cell secrete insulin.
Insulin is a
peptide hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
It decreases the level of glucose in blood by increasing the rate at which glucose
is transported out of blood and into the cell.
When insulin
is dysfunctional or not produced adequately glucose uptake is hampered' and
hence glucose appear in urine along with ketone bodies.
(b) Insulin
hormone mainly acts on hepatocytes (liver cells) and adipocytes (cells of adipose
tissue) and enhances cellular glucose up take and utilisation.
(c)
Prolonged hyperglycemic condition leads to a complex disorder called diabetes
mellitus which is associated with loss of glucose through urine and formation
of harmful compounds known as ketone bodies due to protein metabolism.
Diabetic patients
are successfully treated with insulin therapy. It lowers the blood glucose
levels and give relief to the patients.
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